Effectiveness of Magnesium Sulphate with Glycerin Dressing versus Heparinoid Ointment Application on Management of Phlebitis among Patients Admitted in Selected Wards of BPKIHS
Background: Phlebitis is the inflammation of the tunica intima of the vein. If left untreated may lead to infection or thrombus formation. Early detection and appropriate interventions reduce the occurrence and severity of cannula related phlebitis. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of magnesium sulphate with glycerin dressing as compared to heparinoid ointment application on management of peripheral cannula induced phlebitis. Materials and Methods: A Quasi-experimental design was carried among admitted patients in Medical-Surgical Units of BPKIHS. Out among 50 admitted patients with cannula induced phlebitis. Simple random sampling technique was used to allocate the wards to each interventional group and purposive sampling technique to select samples where instruments baseline Performa and observation scale was used to collect data. Results: The study findings revealed significantly reduction of phlebitis score after 48 hours of treatment with both interventions. Thus it was concluded that both the applications were effective in reducing level of phlebitis. Regarding effectiveness, there was a statistically significant difference in phlebitis score in both experimental groups after comparison baseline within 8, 16, 32, 40, 48 hours of administration of intervention (P = 0.05). The mean visual infusion scale score was more in MSG group as compared with that of HPA group. It shows that there is more reduction of VIP score in Magnesium sulphate with glycerin (MSG) group. Conclusion: In the research, study findings revealed that Magnesium sulphate with glycerin dressing is more effective than heparinoid ointment on management of peripheral cannula induced phlebitis.
References
[1]
McCallum, L. and Higgins, D. (2010) Care of Peripheral Venous Cannula Sites. Nursing Times, 108, 14-15. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22953419
[2]
Smeltzer, S. and Bare, B. (2013) Brunner and Suddarth’s Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing. 10th Edition, Wolters Kluwer Pvt Ltd., New Delhi, India, 123.
[3]
Denton, A. (2010) Standards for Infusion Therapy: Royal College of Nursing. 4th Edition, Royal College of Nursing, London.
http://www.rcn.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/78593/002179.pdf
[4]
Da Silva Almendra, P., et al. (2013) Incidence of Phlebitis in Patients Receiving Antibiotics Therapy through Peripheral Intravenous Catheters—A Safety Cluster-Randomized Pilot Trial. Abstracts of the Critical Care Canada Forum, Toronto, Canada.
[5]
Zheng, G.H., Yang, L., Chu, J.F. and Chen, H.Y. (2014) Aloe vera for Prevention and Treatment of Infusion Phlebitis. Database of Systematic Reviews, 6, CD009162.
http://www.cochranelibrary.com
[6]
WHO (2015) Health Care-Associated Infections Fact Sheet. World Health Organization, 4. http://www.who.int/gpsc/country_work/gpsc_ccisc_fact_sheet_en.pdf
[7]
Singh, R., Bhandary, S. and Pun, K.D. (2008) Peripheral Intravenous Catheter Related Phlebitis and Its Contributing Factors among Adult Population at KU Teaching Hospital. Kathmandu University Medical Journal, 6, 443-447.
https://doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v6i4.1732
[8]
O’Grady, N.P., Alexander, M., Burns, L.A., Dellinger, E.P., Garland, J., Heard, S.O., et al. (2011) Summary of Recommendations: Guidelines for the Prevention of Intravascular Catheter-Related Infections. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 52, 1087-1099.
https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/cir138
[9]
Wasserman, R. (2015) Glycerin Ingredients | LIVESTRONG.COM.
http://www.livestrong.com/article/201501-glycerin-ingredients
[10]
Roth, E. (2013) The Effects of Glycerin on Skin | LIVESTRONG.COM.
http://www.livestrong.com/article/78934-effects-glycerin-skin
[11]
Soloman, V., Rajappa, T. and Malviya, S.D. (2015) Comparison of Heparinoid and Ichthammol Glycerine Application on Patients with Phlebitis. International Journal of Current Research, 7, 14615-14620.
Yambem, M., Madhale, M. and Bagi, D. (2015) A Comparative Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Glycerin with Magnesium Sulphate Versus Heparin—Benzyl Nicotinate (Thrombophob) Ointment on Management of Thrombophlebitis among Patients Admitted in Intensive Care Units ( ICU ) of Selected Hospital. International Journal of Science and Research, 4, 2013-2016. http://www.ijsr.net
[14]
Cicolini, G., Bonghi, A.P., Di Labio, L. and Di Mascio, R. (2009) Position of Peripheral Venous Cannulae and the Incidence of Thrombophlebitis: An Observational Study. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 65, 1268-1273.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19374679
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2009.04980.x
[15]
Hedayatinejad, M., Fayazi, S., Jahani, S. and Sakimalehi, A. (2016) Survey of Complications of Peripheral Venous Catheterization at an Intensive Care Unit of (ICU) of Susa City. Jentashapir Journal of Health Research, 7, e33783.
[16]
Tan, J.Y.W., Yeap, W.J. and Aznal, S.S.S. (2012) Risk Factors of Pheripheral Venous Catherization Thrombophlebitis. International e-Journal of Science, Medicine & Education, 6, 24-30. http://www.nih.gov/pubmet/24583939
[17]
Abdul-Hak, C.K. and Barros, A.F. (2014) The Incidence of Phlebitis in a Medical Clinical Unit. Texto & Contexto—Enfermagem, 23, 633-638.
http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0104-07072014000300633&lng =en&nrm=iso&tlng=en
https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-07072014000900013
[18]
Waitt, C., Waitt, P. and Pirmohamed, M. (2004) Intravenous Therapy. Postgraduate Medical Journal, 80, 1-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14760169
https://doi.org/10.1136/pmj.2003.010421
[19]
Yoong, W., Tan, J., Yeap, J.W., Sulaiha, S. and Aznal, S. (2012) Risk Factors of Peripheral Venous Catheterization Thrombophlebitis. IeJSME, 6, 24-30.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/266203691
[20]
Wallis, M.C.M., Mcgrail, M., Webster, J., Marsh, N., Gowardman, J. and Playford, G.E. (2014) Risk Factors for the Peripheral Intravenous Catheter Failure: A Multivariate Analysis of Data from a Randomized Controlled Trial. Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology, 35, 63-68. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24334800
https://doi.org/10.1086/674398
[21]
Marino, P. (2007) The ICU Book. 3rd Edition, Wolters Kluwer Pvt Ltd., India, New Delhi, 144.
[22]
Oliveira, S.A. (2012) Incidence of Phlebitis in Patients with Peripheral Intravenous Catheters: The Influence of Some Risk Factors. Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing, 30, 32-39.
https://www.ajan.com.au/archive/Vol30/Issue2/4Salgueiro-Oliveira.pdf
[23]
Saini, R., Agnihotri, M. and Gupta, A.I. (2011) Epidemiology of Infiltration and Phlebitis. Nursing and Midwifery Research Journal, 7, 22-23.
http://medicine.nic.in/nad/t11/il/nadt 1il p22.pdf
[24]
Perucca, R. and Micek, J. (1994) Treatment of Infusion-Related Phlebitis: Review and Nursing Protocol. J Intraven Nurs, 16, 282-286.
[25]
Ravindra, H. and Patel, K.D. (2015) A Quasi Experimental Study to Evaluate Effectiveness of Glycerin Magnesium Sulphate Dressing on Phlebitis among Patients Undergoing Peripheral Intravenous Infusion in Selected Hospital, Vadodara. International Journal of Medical Research and Health Sciences, 4, 527-530.
http://www.indianjournals.com
https://doi.org/10.5958/2319-5886.2015.00101.0
[26]
Thomas, M. (2016) Prevalence of Phlebitis and Comparison of the Effectiveness of Topical Ichthammol Glycerin and Heparinoid Application on Phlebitis among Patients on Peripheral Intravenous Therapy. Journal of Medical Science and Clinical Research, 4, 12265-12271. http://www.jmscr.igmpublication.org
https://doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v4i8.96
[27]
D’souza, B.L. and Shivakumar (2016) Effectiveness Magnesium Sulphate Crystal Fomentation vs Paste Application for Phlebitis among Children Receiving Peripheral Infusion Who Are Admitted at Selected Hospital at Mangalore. NUJHS, 6, 9-12. http://www.nitte.edu.in/journal/march2016/o6.pdf
[28]
Yadav, C., Samuel, G., Bano, H., Mol, S., Jaiswal, P., Sootrakar, R., et al. (2016) Effectiveness of Alovera, Glycerin, and Cold Application on Superficial Thrombophlebitis among Patients. International Journal of Bioassays, 5, 4858-4861.
https://doi.org/10.21746/ijbio.2016.09.0013
