Indonesian legal system presents much confusion in either theoretic or practical matters. This is evident in the form of interaction between civil and criminal law and how lines of legal reason are drawn. The purpose of this paper is to outline the philosophy of legal reason in Indonesian law, especially whenever aspects of civil law interact with criminal law. This presents a crucial scenario for the interpretation and application of legal reason to arrive at an effective conclusion, redressing both the crime and the civil wrong. The paper points out that principles guiding legal reason in Indonesia are still not yet clear, primarily based on the complexities marring the development of legal principles in the country. The paper also notes that Indonesian legal system has strived to provide effective redress for private citizens in a criminal case; where their rights are abrogated and there is the possibility of finding relief through personal action as against the offender. The paper concludes that significant improvements are needed to harmonize legal reason with respect to the Indonesian legal system in order to improve access to justice and effective handling of criminal matters.
References
[1]
Arto, M. A. (2013). Memahami makna negara hukum pancasila dan eksistensi pengembangan peradilan agama. https://badilag.mahkamahagung.go.id/
[2]
Bedner, A. (2001). Administrative Courts in Indonesia: A Socio-Legal Study. London: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
[3]
Bedner, A. (2013). Indonesian Legal Scholarship and Jurisprudence as an Obstacle for Transplanting Legal Institutions. Hague Journal on the Rule of Law, 5, 253-273. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1876404512001145
[4]
Bowen, J. R. (2000). Consensus and Suspicion: Judicial Reasoning and Social Change in an Indonesian Society 1960-1994. Law and Society Review, 34, 97-127. https://doi.org/10.2307/3115117
[5]
Bowen, J. R. (2003). Islam, Law, and Equality in Indonesia: An Anthropology of Public Reasoning. London: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511615122
[6]
Butt, S. (2010). Regional Autonomy and Legal Disorder: The Proliferation of Local Laws in Indonesia. Singapore Journal of Legal Studies, 32, 1-21. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24870542
[7]
Butt, S. (2012). Indonesia’s Constitutional Court: Conservative Activist or Strategic Operator? Political Science.
[8]
Butt, S. (2014). The Position of International Law within the Indonesian Legal System. Emory International Law Review, 28, 1-28.
[9]
Butt, S., & Lindsey, T. (2010). Judicial Mafia: The Courts and State Illegality in Indonesia. In R. M. A. L. Hoefte, & H. S. Nordholt (Eds.), The State and Illegality in Indonesia (pp. 189-213). Singapore: BRILL. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004253681_011
[10]
Cammack, M. (2009). Legal Aspects of Muslim-Non-Muslim Marriage in Indonesia. In G. W. Jones, C. H. Leng, & M. Mohamad (Eds.), Muslim-Non-Muslim Marriage: Political and Cultural Contestations in Southeast Asia (pp. 102-138). Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. https://doi.org/10.1355/9789812308221-007
[11]
Cammack, M., & Feener, M. (2012). The Islamic Legal System in Indonesia. Pacific Rim Law & Policy Journal, 21, 13-42.
[12]
Cotterrell, R. (2017). Law, Culture and Society: Legal Ideas in the Mirror of Society Theory. London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351217989
[13]
Cribb, R. (2004). A System of Exemptions: Historicizing State Illegality in Indonesia. In R. M. A. L. Hoefte, & H. S. Nordholt (Eds.), The State and Illegality in Indonesia (pp. 29-44). Singapore: BRILL. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004253681_003
[14]
Cribb, R. (2005). Legal Pluralism, Decentralization and the Roots of Violence in Indonesia. In D. F. Anwar, H. Bouvier, G. Smith, & R. Toi (Eds.), Violent Internal Conflicts in Asia Pacific: Histories, Political Economies and Policies. Jakarta: KITLV/Buku Obor.
[15]
Cribb, R. (2010). Political Genocides in Postcolonial Asia. In D. Bloxham, & A. D. Moses (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Genocide Studies (pp. 445-65). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
[16]
Efendi, J. (2018). Rekonstruksi dasar pertimbangan hukum hakim: Berbasis nilainilai hukum dan rasa keadilan yang hidup dalam masyarakat. Jakarta: Prenadamedia Group.
[17]
Faiz, P. M. (2016). The Protection of Civil and Political Rights by the Constitutional Court of Indonesia. Indonesia Law Review, 2, 158-179. https://doi.org/10.15742/ilrev.v6n2.230
[18]
Ganda, P. S. (1998). Renungan hukum. Jakarta: IKAHI Mahkamah Agung RI.
[19]
Garner, B. A. (2019). Black’s Law Dictionary (Standard Edition). Netherlands: Thomson Reuters.
[20]
Katz, J. S., & Katz, R. S. (1975). The New Indonesian Marriage Law: A Mirror of Indonesia’s Political, Cultural, and Legal Systems. The American Journal of Comparative Law, 23, 653-681. https://doi.org/10.2307/839240
[21]
Lev, D. S. (1972). Islamic Courts in Indonesia: A Study in the Political Bases of Legal Institutions. Barkley, CA: University of California Press.
[22]
Lindsey, T. (2004). Legal Infrastructure and Governance Reform in Post-Crisis Asia: The Case of Indonesia. Law Reform in Developing and Transitional States, 18, 12-40. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8411.2004.00142.x
[23]
Lukito, R. (2012). Legal Pluralism in Indonesia: Bridging the Unbridgeable. Oxon: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203113134
[24]
Mertokusumo, S. (2014). Perbuatan melawan hukum oleh pemerintah. Yogyakarta: Cahaya Atma Pustaka.
[25]
Mietzner, M., & Parsons, N. (2009). Sharia by-Laws in Indonesia: A Legal and Political Analysis. Australian Journal of Asian Law, 11, 190-217.
[26]
Murray, J. (1989). The Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
[27]
Perera, H., & Baydoun, N. (2007). Convergence with International Financial Reporting Standards: The Case of Indonesia. Advances in International Accounting, 20, 201-224. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0897-3660(07)20007-8
[28]
Tabalujan, B. S. (2002). Why Indonesian Corporate Governance Failed—Conjectures Concerning Legal Culture. Columbia Journal of Asian Law, 15, 141-171. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.306120
[29]
Wróblewski, J. (1985). Legal Language and Legal Interpretation. Law and Philosophy, 4, 239-255. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00157090
