目的：探讨NICU收治的维、汉族新生儿听力筛查未通过的影响因素，为听力障碍早期干预策略提供依据。方法：新疆自治区妇幼保健院NICU2017年1月~2017年12月收治维族、汉族各524、1533例高危儿作为研究对象。采用TEOAE在生后72小时进行听力初筛，对病例进行疾病构成比、听力未通过疾病构成比分析，通过χ2检验，比较维、汉族新生儿听力筛查未通过的影响因素。结果：新生儿听力筛查未通过率，维、汉族为25.19%、12.26%。以早产或极低体重、宫内感染、高胆红素血症、窒息、肺炎、妊娠糖尿病、胎粪吸入综合征、溶血病、湿肺为序，维、汉族疾病构成比(%)为42.37、10.11、19.27、8.78、4.96、7.25、2.48、1.91、2.86；27.40、8.35、39.86、4.24、3.98、10.37、2.41、1.76、1.63，两者构成有差异(P < 0.01)。新生儿听力筛查未通过率，维、汉族为25.19%、12.26%。以上疾病为序，维、汉族听力筛查未通过率(%)：24.77、47.17、16.83、26.09、30.77、15.79、30.77、30.00、13.33和17.86、17.97、4.91、24.62、13.11、10.06、29.73、22.22、12.00；这些疾病对维、汉族听力筛查未通过率贡献分别为(%)：10.49、4.77、3.24、2.29、1.53、1.15、0.70、0.60、0.38和4.89、1.50、1.96、1.04、0.52、1.04、0.72、0.40、0.20；维、汉新生儿听力筛查未过疾病病例构成比是(%)：41.67、18.93、12.87、9.09、6.06、4.55、3.03、2.27、1.52；39.89、12.23、15.96、8.51、4.26、8.51、5.85、3.19、1.59。结论：早产或极低体重是NICU中维汉族新生儿听力未通过率的主要影响因素，对维族新生儿影响更甚于汉族。其次宫内感染、高胆红素血症、窒息也是维汉族NICU新生儿听力筛查未通过的重要影响因素，也是对维族新生儿影响高于汉族。妊娠合并糖尿病相对于维族是汉族新生儿听力筛查未通过的一个重要影响因素。
Objective: To analyze the results of Uygur and Han newborn hearing screening in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and to investigate the effective factors affecting hearing screening. Methods: Both 524 Uyghur and 1533 Han newborns in NICU received hearing screening test by transient evoked otoacoustic emission (TEOAE) and the effective factors were investigated. Chi-square test was used to analyze the differences of unpassed rate and the effective-factors, respectively. Results: The constituent ratio of premature, intrauterine infection, hyperbilirubinemia, asphyxia, pneumonia, gestational diabetes, meconium aspiration syndrome, neonatal hemolytic disease and wet lung in NICU Uygur newborns was as 42.37, 10.11, 19.27, 8.78, 4.96, 7.25, 2.48, 1.91 and 2.86 respectively, and the corresponding disease constituent ratio of Han newborns was 27.40, 8.35, 39.86, 4.24, 3.98, 10.37, 2.41, 1.76 and 1.63 and there was statistically significance (P < 0.01). Of the newborns in NICU, the Uygur newborns hearing screening unpassed rate was 25.19%, the Han newborns unpassed rate was 12.26%, which was significantly different from the newborns in NICU (P < 0.01). Compared with the Han newborns (17.86, 17.97, 4.91, 24.62, 13.11, 10.06, 29 73, 22.22, and 12.00), the Uygur newborns unpassed rates of the corresponding diseases were as 24.77, 47.17, 16.83, 26.83, 30.77, 15.79, 30.77, 30.00, and 13.33. These diseases account for 10.49, 4.77, 3.24, 2.29, 1.53, 1.15, 0.70, 0.60, 0.38 of Uygur newborns unpassed rate of hearing screening and 4.89, 1.50, 1.96, 1.04, 0.52, 1.04, 0.72, 0.40, 0.20 of Han
