Background: Musculoskeletal problems, deteriorating posture and pain are common complaints/comorbidities in Parkinson’s disease (PD). The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of comorbid musculoskeletal problems in PD, and their relationship with disease stage and severity. Methods: The study was approved by the local ethical committee of Duzce University numbered with 2018/52 on date 26.03.2018. Patients with PD (pwPD) underwent a detailed examination to investigate the possible comorbidity of musculoskeletal findings in the orthopedics and traumatology clinic. Socio-demographic features, disease characteristics, motor and non-motor scores were recorded. Results: Thirty-seven pwPD were enrolled in the study. Mean age was 68.75 ± 10.75 years. Comorbid musculoskeletal problems were rotator cuff syndrome (27%), knee osteoarthritis (24.3%), meniscus (13.5%), lumber disc herniation (10.8%), kyphosis (8.1%), myotendinous diseases (16.3%). Rotator-cuff disease and knee osteoarthritis were most common comorbidities, especially in the “mild” and “moderate” stages of pwPD. Conclusion: Since most of the pwPD, especially the ones that have musculoskeletal complaints prior to the diagnosis of PD, present to the orthopedics and traumatology clinics or physiotherapists, it is mandatory to enhance the awareness of the orthopedic surgeons, and physiotherapy specialist in order to keep PD in mind.
Chaudhuri, K.R., Healy, D.G. and Schapira, A.H. (2006) Non-Motor Symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease: Diagnosis and Management. National Institute for Clinical Excellence. The Lancet Neurology, 5, 235-245.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(06)70373-8
[3]
Chaudhuri, K.R. and Jenner, P. (2017) Two Hundred Years since James Parkinson’s Essay on the Shaking Palsy-Have We Made Progress? Insights from the James Parkinson’s 200 Years Course Held in London, March 2017. Movement Disorders, 32, 1311-1315. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.27104
[4]
Donaldson, I.M. (2015) James Parkinson’s Essay on the Shaking Palsy. The Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh, 45, 84-86.
https://doi.org/10.4997/JRCPE.2015.118
[5]
Baik, J.S., Kim, J.Y., Park, J.H., et al. (2009) Scoliosis in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease. Journal of Clinical Neurology, 5, 91-94.
https://doi.org/10.3988/jcn.2009.5.2.91
[6]
Djaldetti, R., Mosberg-Galili, R., Sroka, H., et al. (1999) Camptocormia (Bent Spine) in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease Characterization and Possible Pathogenesis of an Unusual Phenomenon. Movement Disorders, 14, 443-447.
https://doi.org/10.1002/1531-8257(199905)14:3<443::AID-MDS1009>3.0.CO;2-G
[7]
Tassorelli, C., Furnari, A., Buscone, S., et al. (2012) Pisa Syndrome in Parkinson’s Disease: Clinical, Electromyographic, and Radiological Characterization. Movement Disorders, 27, 227-235. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.23930
[8]
Schneider, J.L., Fink, H.A., Ewing, S.K., et al. (2008) Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (SOF) Research Group. The Association of Parkinson’s Disease with Bone Mineral Density and Fracture in Older Women. Osteoporosis International, 19, 1093-1097. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-008-0583-5
[9]
Riley, D., Lang, A.E., Blair, R.D., et al. (1989) Frozen Shoulder and Other Shoulder Disturbances in Parkinson’s Disease. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 52, 63-66. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.52.1.63
[10]
Hoehn, M.M. and Yahr, M.D. (1967) Parkinsonism: Onset, Progression and Mortality. Neurology, 17, 427-442. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.17.5.427
[11]
Goetz, C.G., Poewe, W., Rascol, O., et al. (2004) Movement Disorder Society Task Force Report on the Hoehn and Yahr Staging Scale: Status and Recommendations. Movement Disorders, 19, 1020-1028. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.20213
[12]
Movement Disorder Society Task Force on Rating Scales for Parkinson’s Disease (2003) The Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS): Status and Recommendations. Movement Disorders, 18, 738-750. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.10473
[13]
Martínez-Martín, P., Rodríguez-Blazquez, C., Alvarez, M., et al. (2015) Parkinson’s Disease Severity Levels and MDS-Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale. Parkinsonism and Related Disorders, 21, 50-54.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2014.10.026
[14]
Ashour, R. and Jankovic, J. (2006) Joint and Skeletal Deformities in Parkinson’s Disease, Multiple System Atrophy, and Progressive Supranuclear Palsy. Movement Disorders, 21, 1856-1863. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.21058
[15]
Papalia, R., Torre, G., Papalia, G., et al. (2019) Frozen Shoulder or Shoulder Stiffness from Parkinson Disease? Musculoskeletal Surgery, 103, 115-119.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12306-018-0567-3
[16]
Rabin, M.L., Earnhardt, M.C., Patel, A., et al. (2016) Postural, Bone, and Joint Disorders in Parkinson’s Disease. Movement Disorders Clinical Practice, 18, 538-547.
https://doi.org/10.1002/mdc3.12386
[17]
Frandsen, R., Kjellberg, J., Ibsen, R., et al. (2014) Morbidity in Early Parkinson’s Disease and Prior to Diagnosis. Brain and Behavior, 4, 446-452.
https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.228
[18]
Koh, S.B., Roh, J.H., Kim, J.H., et al. (2008) Ultrasonographic Findings of Shoulder Disorders in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease. Movement Disorders, 23, 1772-1776.
https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.22191
[19]
Rana, A.Q., Qureshi, A.R., Akhter, S., et al. (2018) Osteoarthritis Increases Paresthestic and Akathisic Pain, Anxiety Case-Ness, and Depression Severity in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease. Frontiers in Neurology, 13, 409.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2018.00409
[20]
Charpentier, P., Dauphin, A., Stojkovic, T., et al. (2005) Parkinson’s Disease, Progressive Lumbar Kyphosis and Focal Paraspinal Myositis. Revista de Neurología (Paris), 161, 459-463. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0035-3787(05)85077-5
[21]
Wadia, P.M., Tan, G., Munhoz, R.P., et al. (2011) Surgical Correction of Kyphosis in Patients with Camptocormia Due to Parkinson’s Disease: A Retrospective Evaluation. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 82, 364-368.
https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.2009.176198
