This
study was carried out to assess the level of heavy metals pollution in Ologe Lagoon, Agbara, Lagos,
Nigeria. The Lagoon receives effluents from industries in the Agbara Industrial
Estate. Cored Soft sediments were retrieved from six random sampling points within the Lagoon and labeled (S1, S2, S3,
S4, S5 and S6). Subsamples of the sediments were prepared and analyzed for
heavy metal concentration. The result from the heavy metal analysis of the
sediments shows that average concentration of Mn, Zn, Cr, Ni, Cr, Ni, Co, Cu
and Pb in the samples was 278.1 ppm, 21.7 ppm, 14.2 ppm, 6.6 ppm, 6.4
ppm, 6.4 ppm and 4.4 ppm, respectively. The correlation between the heavy
metals varies from 0.71 to 0.98 shows that they have a strongly positive degree
of association which suggests that they are from the same source. The
geo-accumulation values for Cu in all stations ranged between (1 - 2.8 ppm) and it can be deduced that the sediments are moderately to strongly
polluted. Pb varies between 1 and 2.1 suggesting that the sediments are
moderately polluted. Zn exhibits strong pollution levels with a range from 2.5
and 3.5 ppm. Co is moderately polluted with 1.5 - 2.4 while Mn shows the
highest level of pollution in all stations with Igeo values ranging
between 4.1 and 5.8. This study showed that the Lagoon accumulates heavy metals
as a result of anthropogenic activities evident in the dumping of municipal, sewage, industrial waste in the
environment and domestic activities such
as auto mobile transportation and mechanic repair workshop. Based on sediment
quality guidelines, the Ologe Lagoon level of pollution ranged from Cu> Pb> Zn
References
[1]
Alloway, B. J. (Ed.). (2012). Heavy Metals in Soils: Trace Metals and Metalloids in Soils and Their Bioavailability (Vol. 22). Berlin: Springer Science & Business Media.
[2]
Anetekhai, M. A., Akin-Oriola, G. A., Aderinola, O. J., & Akintola, S. L. (2007). Trace Metal Concentration in Macrobrachium vollenhovenii from Ologe Lagoon, Lagos, Nigeria. Journal of Afrotropical Zoology, 25-29.
[3]
Bloomfield, C., Kelso, W. I., & Pruden, G. (1976). Reactions between Metals and Humified Organic Matter. Journal of Soil Science, 27, 16-31. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.1976.tb01971.x
[4]
Bosman, C., & Kidd, M. (2009). Water Pollution. In H. Strydom, & N. King (Eds.), Environmental Management in South Africa (pp. 630-695). Cape Town: Juta and Company Ltd.
[5]
Bryan, G. W. (1976). Some Aspects of Heavy Metal Tolerance in Aquatic Organisms. In A. P. M. Lockhood (Ed.), Effects of Pollutants on Aquatic Organisms (p. 193). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[6]
Connell, D., Lam, P., Richardson, B., & Wu, R. (1999). Introduction to Ecotoxicology (71 p.). Oxford: Blackwell Science Ltd.
[7]
Duffus, J. (2002). Heavy Metals—A Meaningless Term. Pure Applied Chemistry, 74, 793-807. https://doi.org/10.1351/pac200274050793
[8]
Edori, O. S., & Nna, P. J. (2018). Determination of Physicochemical Parameters of Effluents at Discharge Points into the New Calabar River along Rumuolumeni Axis, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Niger Delta, Nigeria. Journal of Environmental and Analytical Toxicology, 8, 585.
[9]
Hakanson, L. (1980). An Ecological Risk Index for Aquatic Pollution Control. A Sedimentological Approach. Water Research, 14, 975-1001. https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(80)90143-8
[10]
Han, Y., Du, P., Cao, J., & Posmentier, E. S. (2006). Multivariate Analysis of Heavy Metal Contamination in Urban Dusts of Xi’an, Central China. Science of the Total Environment, 355, 176-186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.02.026
[11]
Hariprasad, N., & Dayananda, H. (2013). Environmental Impact Due to Agricultural Runoff Containing Heavy Metals—A Review. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 3, 1-6
[12]
Ita, R. E., & Anwana, E. D. (2017). Geochemical Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in Rural and Urban Wetlands in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. New York Science Journal, 10, 43-51.
[13]
Kumolu-Johnson, C. A., Ndimele, P. E., Akintola, S. L., & Jibuike, C. C. (2010). Copper, Zinc and Iron Concentrations in Water, Sediment and Cynothrissa mento (Regan 1917) from Ologe Lagoon, Lagos, Nigeria: A Preliminary Survey. African Journal of Aquatic Science, 35, 87-94. https://doi.org/10.2989/16085914.2010.466588
[14]
Kusemiju, V., Fadiya, A. A., Aderinola, O. J., & Akintola, S. L. (2001). Comparative Analysis of Heavy Metals in Water, Sediments and Tissues of Lumbricus violaceus from Agbara and Iba Streams. Nigerian Journal of Research and Review in Science, 2, 114-117.
[15]
Loizidou, M., Haralambous, K. J., & Sakellarides, P. O. (1992). Environmental Study of the Marians Part II. A Study on the Removal of Metals from the Marianas Sediments. Environmental Technology, 13, 245-252. https://doi.org/10.1080/09593339209385150
[16]
Loska, K., & Wiechula, D. (2003). Application of Principal Component Analysis for the Estimation of Source Heavy Metal Contamination in Surface Sediments from Rybnik Reservoir. Chemosphere, 51, 723-733. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(03)00187-5
[17]
Mico, C., Recatala, L., Peris, M., & Sanchez, J. (2006). Assessing Heavy Metal Sources in Agricultural Soils of an European Mediterranean Area by Multivariate Analysis. Chemosphere, 65, 863-872. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.03.016
[18]
Mmolawa, K. B., Likuku, A. S., & Gaboutloeloe, G. K. (2011). Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution in Soils along Major Roadside Areas in Botswana. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 5, 186-196.
[19]
Muller, G. (1969). Index of Geoaccumulation in Sediments of the Rhine River. Journal of Geology, 2, 109-118.
[20]
Ong, M. C., & Kamaruzzaman, B. Y. (2009). An Assessment of Metals (Pb and Cu) Contamination in Bottom Sediment from South China Sea Coastal Waters, Malaysia. American Journal of Applied Sciences, 6, 1418-1423. https://doi.org/10.3844/ajassp.2009.1418.1423
[21]
Scott, R. O., Ure, A. M., Philp, J. M., Glynn, J. P., McLean, W. R., Stanton, D. L., & West, T. S. (1972). Some Sources of Contamination in Trace Analysis. Proceedings of the Society for Analytical Chemistry, 9, 288-303. https://doi.org/10.1039/sa9720900288
[22]
Sinex, S. A., & Helz, G. R., (1981). Regional Geochemistry of Trace Elements in Chesapeake Bay. Journal of Environmental Geography, 3, 315-323. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02473521
[23]
Smith, D. (1985). Sources of Heavy Metal Input to the New Zealand Aquatic Environment. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 15, 371-384. https://doi.org/10.1080/03036758.1985.10421714
[24]
Tippie, V. K. (1984). An Environmental Characterization of Chesapeake Bay and a Frame Work for Action. In V. Kennedy (Ed.), The Estuary as a Filter (pp. 467-487). New York: Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-405070-9.50028-1
[25]
Turekian, K. K., & Wedepohl, K. H. (1961). Distribution of the Elements in Some Major Units of the Earth’s Crust. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 72, 175-192. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1961)72[175:DOTEIS]2.0.CO;2
[26]
USEPA (1999). USEPA Reference Methodology Standard Opening Procedure for the Digestion of Soil/Sediment Sample Using a Hot Plate/Beaker Digestion Technique, Chicago, IL. SW-846.
[27]
Zheng, N., Wang, Q., Zhang, X., Zheng, D., Zhang, Z., & Zhang, S. (2007). Population Health Risk Due to Dietary Intake of Heavy Metals in the Industrial Area of Huludao City, China. Science of the Total Environment, 387, 96-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.07.044
