Groundwater studies in parts of the Mamfe basin are
sparse and the Mamfe areahas the highest
population density in the Mamfe basin. An in-depth study of groundwater rock
interaction and groundwater quality is of vital importance. This same part of
the basin is the economic centre and as such development of businessesin this area requiresknowledge of the
groundwater quality. Therefore, this study was
undertaken to determine the input of the rock formations on the groundwater
solute chemistry and groundwater domestic-agro-industrial qualityusing hydrogeochemical tools and physicochemical parameters: Ionic ratios, Gibbs diagrams, Piper diagrams, Durov diagrams and water
quality indices. From physicochemical parameters, in the rainy season, pH ranged from, 4.3-8.6; EC, 3-1348 μS/cm; Temperature, 24.4℃ -30.1℃
References
[1]
Akoachere, R. A., Ngwese, Y. M., Egbe, S. E., Eyong, T. A., Edimo, S. N., & Tambe, D. B. (2018). Groundwater Monitoring in the Gneisso-Basaltic Fractured Rock Aquiferous Formations of Kumba, Southwest Region Cameroon: Seasonal Variations in the Aqueous Geochemistry and Water Quality. Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection, 6, 18-50.
[2]
APHA American Public Health Association (1995). Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Waste Water. Washington DC: American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association and Water Pollution Control Federation.
[3]
Asadi, J. J., Vuppala, P., & Reddy, M. A. (2007). Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques for Evaluation of Groundwater Quality in Municipal Corporation of Hyderabad (Zone-V), India. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 4, 45-52. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph2007010008
[4]
Babiker, I. S., Mohamed, M. A. A., & Hiyama, T. (2007). Assessing Groundwater Quality Using GIS. Water Resources Management, 21, 699-715. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-006-9059-6
[5]
Bear, J. (1979). Hydraulics of Groundwater. New York: McGraw-Hill International Book.
[6]
Doneen, L. D. (1962). The Influence of Crop and Soil on Percolating Water. Proceedings of the 1961 Biennial Conference on Groundwater Recharge, 156-163.
[7]
Dumort, J. C. (1968). Reconnaissance Geologic Map of Douala-West (1:500000). and Explanatory Notes. Federal Republic of Cameroon, Directorate of Mines and Geology Cameroon, 69.
[8]
Durov, S. A. (1948). Classification of Natural Waters and Graphical Representation of Their Composition. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, 59, 87-90.
[9]
Eaton, E. M. (1950). Significance of Carbonate in Irrigation Water. Soil Science, 69, 123-134. https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-195002000-00004
[10]
Eyong, J. T., Wignall, P., Fantong, W. Y., Best, J., & Hell, J. V. (2013). Paragenetic Sequences of Carbonate Rocks and Sulphide Minerals of the Mamfe Basin (Cameroon): Indicators of Paleo-Fluids, Paleo-Oxygen Levels and Diagenetic Zones. Journal of African Earth Science, 86, 25-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2013.05.002
[11]
Gibbs, R. J. (1970). Mechanisms Controlling World’s Water Chemistry. Science, 170, 1088-1090. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.170.3962.1088
[12]
Hounslow, A. W. (1995). Water Quality Data: Analysis and Interpretation (pp. 397). New York: Lewis Publishers CRC Press.
[13]
ISO (2003). Standard ISO 5667-3: Water Quality—Sampling—Part 3: Guidance on the Preservation and Handling of Water Samples. Geneva: International Organization for Standardization.
[14]
ISO (2006). Standard ISO 5667-1: Water Quality—Sampling—Part 1: Guidance on the Design of Sampling Programs and Sampling Techniques. Geneva: International Organization for Standardization.
[15]
ISO (2009). Standard ISO 5667-11: Water Quality—Sampling—Part 11: Guidance on Sampling of Groundwaters. Geneva: International Organization for Standardization.
[16]
Kelley, W. P. (1940). Permissible Composition and Concentration of Irrigation Waters. Proceedings of the American Society of Civil Engineers, 66, 607-613.
[17]
Kumar, K. S., Chandrasekar, N., Seralathan, P., Godson, P. S., & Magesh, N. S. (2011). Hydrogeochemical Study of Shallow Carbonate Aquifers, Rameshwaram Island, India. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 184, 4127-4138.
[18]
Langguth, H. R. (1966). Groundwater Characteristics in Bereiech Des Velberter Sattles (pp. 127). North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany: Ministry of Agricultural and Land Management Research Düsseldorf.
[19]
Lloyd, J. A., & Heathcote, J. A. (1985). Natural Inorganic Hydrochemistry in Relation to Groundwater: An Introduction (pp. 296). New York: Oxford University Press.
[20]
Lordon, A. E. D., Shandini, Y., Agyingi, C. M., Yossa, M. T., Stephane, K. T., & Douglas, B. (2017). Structural Interpretation of the Mamfe Basin from Satellite Gravity Data (EGM 2008). Journal of Earth Sciences and Geotechnical Engineering, 7, 45-53.
[21]
Mamfe Council (2014). United Councils and Cities of Cameroon.
[22]
Ndip, A. E., Agyingyi, C. M., Nton, M. E., & Oladunjoye, M. A. (2018). Review of the Geology of Mamfe Sedimentary Basin, SW Cameroon, Central Africa. Journal of Oil, Gas and Petrochemical Sciences, 1, 35-40. https://doi.org/10.30881/jogps.00008
[23]
Ndougsa-Mbarga, T., Manguelle-Dicoum, E., Campos-Enriquez, J. O., & Atangana, Q. Y. (2007). Gravity Anomalies, Sub-Surface Structure and Oil and Gas Migration in the Mamfe, Cameroon-Nigeria, Sedimentary Basin. Geofísica Internacional, 46, 129-139.
[24]
Nguimbous-Kouoh, J. J., Takougam, E. M. T., Nouayou, R., Tabod, C. T., & Manguelle-Dicoum, E. (2012). Structural Interpretation of the Mamfe Sedimentary Basin of Southwestern Cameroon along the Manyu River Using Audiomagnetotellurics Survey. Geophysics, 2012, Article ID: 413042. https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/413042
[25]
Nickson, R. T., McArthur, J. M., Shrestha, B., Kyaw-Nyint, T. O., & Lowrt, D. (2005). Arsenic and Other Drinking Water Quality Issues, Muzaffargarh District, Pakistan. Applied Geochemistry, 20, 55-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2004.06.004
[26]
Paliwal, K. V. (1972). Irrigation with Saline Water (pp. 198). New Delhi: Water Technology Centre, Indian Agricultural Research Institute.
[27]
Pandian, K., & Sankar, K. (2007). Hydrochemistry and Groundwater Quality in the Vaippar River Basin, Tamil Nadu. Journal of the Geological Society of India, 69, 970-982.
[28]
Piper, A. M. (1944). A Graphic Procedure in the Geochemical Interpretation of Water Analysis. Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, 25, 914-928. https://doi.org/10.1029/TR025i006p00914
[29]
Richards, L. A. (1954). Diagnosis and Improvement of Saline Alkali Soils. Agriculture Handbook No. 60. Washington DC: US Department of Agriculture.
[30]
Sawyer, G. N., & McCarthy, D. L. (1967). Chemistry of Sanitary Engineers (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw Hill.
[31]
Semiromi, F. B., Hassani, A. H., Torabian, A., Karbassi, A. R., & Lotfi, F. H. (2011). Evolution of a New Surface Water Quality Index for Karoon Catchment in Iran. Journal of Water Science and Technology, 64, 2483-2491. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.780
[32]
Sisodia, R., & Moundiotiya, C. (2006). Assessment of the Water Quality Index of Wetland Kalakho Lake, Rajasthan, India. Journal of Environmental Hydrology, 14, 1-11.
[33]
Todd, D. K. (1980). Ground Water Hydrogeology. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
[34]
Walton, W. C. (1970). Groundwater Resources Evaluation. New York: McGraw Hill Book Company.
[35]
Wilcox, L. V. (1995). Classification and Use of Irrigation Waters (pp. 19). Circular No. 960, Washington DC: US Department of Agriculture.
[36]
World Health Organization (2017). Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality: 4th Edition, Incorporating the 1st Addendum. Geneva: World Health Organization.