Objectives:Hypertension is a major risk factor for several cardiovascular diseases, including stroke, atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. Remodeling of the aortic root may be expected to occur in hypertensive subjects as a result of increased stress on the aortic wall due to the repeated hemodynamic overload. Two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography is a promising new imaging modality. The aim of this study is to assess aortic root mechanics in relation to left ventricular mechanics in hypertensive patients by speckle tracking echocardiography.Methods:The study included 50 individuals, 30 patients with hypertension compared with 20 age and sex matched healthy volunteers as control group.For both groups, conventional echo was done and speckle tracking echocardiography of the LV including longitudinal, circumferential, radial strain, LV rotation and the longitudinal strain of the ascending aorta and aortic distensibility were measured.Results: Aortic longitudinal strain of both anterior and posterior walls, andalso LV longitudinal peak systolic strain were lower significantly inpatient group,
References
[1]
Oishi, Y., Mizuguchi, Y., Miyoshi, H., Iuchi, A., Nagase, N. and Oki, T. (2008) A Novel Approach to Assess Aortic Stiffness Related to Changes in Aging Using a Two-Dimensional Strain Imaging. Echocardiography, 25, 941-945.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8175.2008.00725.x
[2]
Teixeira, R., Monteiro, R., Garcia, J., et al. (2014) Feasibility of Aortic Arch Mechanics: A Study in Normal Subjects. European Heart Journal—Cardiovascular Imaging, 15, ii9-ii12.
[3]
Teixeira, R., Monteiro, R., Garcia, J., et al. (2014) Aortic Arch Mechanics in Hypertensive Patients versus Controls, a Two Dimensional Speckle-Tracking Study. European Heart Journal—Cardiovascular Imaging, 15, ii235-ii264.
[4]
Petrini, J., Jenner, J., Rickenlund, A., et al. (2014) Elastic Properties of the Descending Aorta in Patients with a Bicuspid or Tricuspid Aortic Valve and Aortic Valvular Disease. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography, 27, 393-404.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2013.12.013
[5]
Yuda, S., Kaneko, R., Muranaka, A., et al. (2011) Quantitative Measurement of Circumferential Carotid Arterial Strain by Two-Dimensional Speckle Tracking Imaging in Healthy Subjects. Echocardiography, 28, 899-906.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8175.2011.01443.x
[6]
Lang, R.M., Bierig, M., Devereux, R.B., et al. (2006) Recommendations for Chamber Quantification. European Journal of Echocardiography, 7, 79-108.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euje.2005.12.014
[7]
Stefanadis, C., Stratos, C., Boudoulas, H., et al. (1994) Distensibility of the Ascending Aorta in Coronary Artery Disease and Changes after Nifedipine Administration. Chest, 105, 1017-1023. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.105.4.1017
[8]
Erbel, R., Aboyans, V., Boileau, C., et al. (2014) 2014 ESC Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Aortic Diseases: Document Covering Acute and Chronic Aortic Diseases of the Thoracic and Abdominal Aorta of the Adult. The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Aortic Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology. European Heart Journal, 35, 2873-2926.
https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehu281
[9]
Baguet, J.P., Chavanon, O., Sessa, C., et al. (2012) European Society of Hypertension Scientific Newsletter: Hypertension and Aortic Diseases. Journal of Hypertension, 30, 440-443. https://doi.org/10.1097/HJH.0b013e32834f867a
[10]
Bell, V., McCabe, E.L., Larson, M.G., et al. (2017) Relations between Aortic Stiffness and Left Ventricular Mechanical Function in the Community. Journal of the American Heart Association, 6, pii:e004903. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.116.004903
[11]
Kim, H.L., Seo, J.B., Chung, W.Y., et al. (2015) Independent Association between Brachial-Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity and Global Longitudinal Strain of Left Ventricle. The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging, 31, 1563-1570.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10554-015-0744-5
[12]
Krishnasamy, R., Hawley, C.M., Stanton, T., et al. (2015) Left Ventricular Global Longitudinal Strain Is Associated with Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Arterial Stiffness in Chronic Kidney Disease. BMC Nephrology, 16, 106.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-015-0098-1
[13]
Beller, C.J., Labrosse, M.R., Thubrikar, M.J. and Robicsek, F. (2004) Role of Aortic Root Motion in the Pathogenesis of Aortic Dissection. Circulation, 109, 763-769.
https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000112569.27151.F7
[14]
Kozerke, S., Scheidegger, M.B., Pedersen, E.M. and Boesiger, P. (1999) Heart Motion Adapted Cine Phase-Contrast Flow Measurements through the Aortic Valve. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 42, 970-978.
https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1522-2594(199911)42:5<970::AID-MRM18>3.0.CO;2-I
[15]
Bell, V., Mitchell, W.A., Sigurethsson, S., et al. (2014) Longitudinal and Circumferential Strain of the Proximal Aorta. Journal of the American Heart Association, 3, e001536. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.114.001536
[16]
Weber, T.F., Muller, T., Biesdorf, A., et al. (2014) True Four-Dimensional Analysis of Thoracic Aortic Displacement and Distension Using Model-Based Segmentation of Computed Tomography Angiography. The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging, 30, 185-194. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10554-013-0307-6
[17]
Morrison, T.M., Choi, G., Zarins, C.K. and Taylor, C.A. (2009) Circumferential and Longitudinal Cyclic Strain of the Human Thoracic Aorta: Age-Related Changes. Journal of Vascular Surgery, 49, 1029-1036.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2008.11.056
[18]
Bell, V., Sigurdsson, S., Westenberg, J.J., et al. (2015) Relations between Aortic Stiffness and Left Ventricular Structure and Function in Older Participants in the Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility-Reykjavik Study. Circulation: Cardiovascular Imaging, 8, e003039. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.114.003039
[19]
Abhayaratna, W.P., Barnes, M.E., O’Rourke, M.F., et al. (2006) Relation of Arterial Stiffness to Left Ventricular Diastolic Function and Cardiovascular Risk Prediction in Patients ≥ 65 Years of Age. American Journal of Cardiology, 98, 1387-1392.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2006.06.035
[20]
Kaess, B.M., Rong, J., Larson, M.G., et al. (2016) Relations of Central Hemodynamics and Aortic Stiffness with Left Ventricular Structure and Function: The Framingham Heart Study. Journal of the American Heart Association, 5, e002693.
https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.115.002693
[21]
Bouthier, J.D., De Luca, N., Safar, M.E. and Simon, A.Ch. (1985) Cardiac Hypertrophy and Arterial Distensibility in Essential Hypertension. American Heart Journal, 109, 1345-1352. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-8703(85)90364-3
[22]
Eren, M., Gorgulu, S., Uslu, N., Celik, S., Dagdeviren, B. and Tezel, T. (2004) Relation between Aortic Stiffness and Left Ventricular Diastolic Function in Patients with Hypertension, Diabetes, or Both. Heart, 90, 37-43.
https://doi.org/10.1136/heart.90.1.37
[23]
Stratos, C., Stefanadis, C., Kallikazaros, I., Boudoulas, H. and Toutouzas, P. (1992) Ascending Aorta Distensibility Abnormalities in Hypertensive Patients and Response to Nifedipine Administration. The American Journal of Medicine, 93, 505-512. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9343(92)90577-X
[24]
Malayeri, A.A., Natori, S., Bahrami, H., et al. (2008) Relation of Aortic Wall Thickness and Distensibility to Cardiovascular Risk Factors (from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis [MESA]). American Journal of Cardiology, 102, 491-496.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2008.04.010
