行星齿轮典型断齿故障的动力学仿真
Study of the Dynamics of the Planetary Gear with Typical Tooth Break Faults

基于一种改进的行星齿轮箱集总参数模型，将断齿故障等效到时变啮合刚度中，建立了直齿行星齿轮的太阳轮断齿故障、行星轮断齿故障和内齿圈断齿故障的动力学模型。以某单级行星齿轮为研究对象，考虑扭转方向外部激励，对其正常和各断齿故障状态下的动力学模型进行求解，对内齿圈垂直振动加速度信号进行分析。研究结果表明：只考虑扭转方向的外部激励时，正常状态下内齿圈最高点处的垂直振动加速度信号频谱中幅值最高的共振峰与模态能量分布相关；在各断齿故障状态下，内齿圈垂直振动加速度的有效值均大于正常值，时域波形中可看到不同形式的冲击，包络谱中可看到对应的故障特征频率及其倍频成分。
The research of dynamic mechanism of gearbox fault is one of the most important research contents of wind turbine fault diagnosis. Based on an improved lumped parameter model, dynamic models for planetary gear with different tooth breakage faults, including the sun tooth breakage fault, the ring tooth breakage fault and the planet tooth breakage fault, are built by modelling the faults with time varying mesh stiffness. The dynamics of a planetary gear at normal situation and under the above mentioned tooth break fault are simulated. The spectrum analysis and envelop analysis are conducted for the ring vertical vibration acceleration signal. The results show that, when external excitation in rotational direction alone is taken into consideration, the resonant peak in the vibration spectrum has a relationship with the modal energy distributions. In the tooth break states, the amplitude and intensity of the vibration signal increase greatly; modulation phenomenon occurs around the resonant peak; according to the envelope analysis, the modulated frequencies are the fault characteristic frequency of the corresponding tooth break fault and its harmonics.