渐变刚度钢板弹簧的非线性有限元分析
Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis of Leaf Spring with Variable Stiffness

针对传统的钢板弹簧设计计算方法难以考虑钢板弹簧实际的工作状况，综合考虑钢板弹簧实际工作过程中的大变形、各簧片及垫片之间的接触和摩擦等非线性因素，基于有限元分析方法对某汽车后悬架渐变刚度钢板弹簧的刚度及强度特性进行分析。其刚度及强度试验结果表明，考虑非线性因素后建立的钢板弹簧有限元模型精度比较高。在模型验证精确的基础上，利用瞬态动力学分析方法求解钢板弹簧在简谐载荷激励下的动态响应，获得其动态特性随激励载荷频率与幅值的变化规律。该建模方法能有效地模拟钢板弹簧实际工作状态，可为钢板弹簧结构进一步的优化提供前提。
Since it is difficult to consider the actual working conditions of the leaf spring in its traditional design calculation method, the nonlinear factors of large deformation, contact and friction between the interleaf and gasket in actual working conditions are considered. The stiffness and strength characteristics of a leaf spring with variable stiffness for the rear suspension of a vehicle are analyzed using the finite element method (FEM). The results show that the accuracy of the established finite element model in which the nonlinear factors are considered is relatively high. On the basis of the accurate validation of the finite element model, the dynamic response of the leaf spring under harmonic load excitation is solved by using the transient dynamic analysis method. The dynamic characteristics of the leaf spring are obtained when the excitation load frequency and amplitude vary. The proposed modeling method can effectively simulate actual working conditions and provide a premise for further structural optimization of the leaf spring.