低温环境下高速列车车内噪声问题及控制方案
Interior Noise Issues and Noise Control Measures of High-Speed Train in Low Temperature

对低温环境下（-30℃）的250 km/h高速列车车内客室端部噪声进行测试，深入分析了运行环境温度对车内噪声的影响。通过对比夏季、冬季两种季节因素，掌握了不同环境下高速列车的车内振动噪声特性、车下声源特性和声振传递路径，研究了低温环境下的高速列车减振降噪技术，以提高低温环境下高速列车的车内噪声性能。研究结果表明，车内客室端部噪声异常问题是由于受到列车250 km/h匀速运行时的过枕垮频率激励，而冬季运行时转向架区域减振性能下降，使得该频率更容易传递至车内所致，并激发车内客室空腔的声学模态。通过从传递路径上进行控制，使用一种金属减振器代替原有地板的支撑结构，优化车体内地板和外地板之间的弹性支撑，能够有效改善低温环境下高速列车车内客室端部异常噪声问题。
The interior noise at the coach end of a high-speed train running at 250 km/h in the low temperature environment (-30℃) is measured, and the effect of the temperature on the interior noise is analysed. By comparing the different seasons of summer and winter, the influences of different temperatures on the interior noise and vibration, bogie area vibration and their relationships are obtained. The technology of noise and vibration control in low temperature is studied in order to improve the noise performance of high-speed trains. The results show that: the abnormal interior noise at the coach end is caused by the excitation of sleeper passing frequency when the train is running at 250 km/h. In winter, the damping performance in bogie area decreases, so that the sleeper passing frequency is easier to transfer into the interior. Moreover, this structural vibration propagation further stimulated the acoustic modal of the cavity. Focus on the sound transfer paths and optimizing the connection between the interior floor and the exterior floor by using a metal damper to replace the original one, so that the abnormal interior noise at the coach end in low temperature can be effectively improved.