汽车悬架球铰四轴载荷谱磨损试验方法
The Study of Measuring Wear Characteristics of Automotive Suspension Ball Joints Under Four Axis Loads

基于自由度解耦工装设计方法，设计了具有四个方向同时加载、且四个方向运动独立的四轴球铰磨损实验装置。论述了球铰磨损的道路实验和室内模拟实验的关系，和对球铰进行室内道路模拟实验的方法。利用开发的球铰四轴磨损的实验装置，将采集到的球铰载荷谱作用于球铰上，分别模拟球铰在汽车转向、制动及转弯等工况下的球铰磨损。采用远程参数控制技术对球铰进行磨损模拟实验，在一个可控的环境下了对球铰进行了磨损实验测试，对磨损前后球铰的性能参数进行了进行了分析讨论。结果表明，球铰的磨损性能合格，且所设计的球铰试验台能够实现球铰磨损情况的复现。设计球铰四轴磨损的试验装置所采用的自由度分析方法，相关自由度解耦工装设计方法，可应用到其他零件的多轴加载工装设计中。
The test fixture of wear with four axes is developed. The movement at each axis is independent based on analysis of movement degrees of freedom (DOF) at each axis. The relationship of wear experiment for ball joints at the road and test equipment with remote parameter control technology (RPC) is presented. The multi-axis load spectrum edition method based on wavelet transformation is applied to the load spectrum edition of the four-axis load spectrum. One ball joint is used to measure the wear characteristics using the developed test fixture and the RPC technologies with the edited load spectrum at the proving ground. The wear performances of the ball joint before and after experiment are compared and analyzed. It is shown that the developed test fixture and the proposed test procedures can be used for accelerating the wear test of the ball joint with the equipment at the lab. The analytical and design method for the developed test fixture can be used for designing other test fixtures with multi-axis loadings.