高原机车悬挂方案对车辆振动特性的影响
Influence of Plateau Locomotive Suspension Structure on Vehicle Vibration Characteristics

针对青藏铁路冻土带路基下沉问题，为了实现高原机车转向架低动力作用，基于车辆多体系统动力学理论，建立了两种不同悬挂方案的高原机车动力学模型，研究了不同一、二系悬挂刚度比μ对车体、构架以及轮轨垂向振动的影响。发现一、二系悬挂刚度比在0.5～3范围内变化时，轮轨垂向力和构架垂向振动加速度增大了11.24%和12.2%，车体平稳性指标和垂向加速度分别减小了11.3%和15%，并分析了高原线路上两种悬挂方案机车动力学特性。计算结果表明， 选择刚度较大的二系悬挂，虽然一定程度上恶化车体平稳性指标，但较小的一系刚度在中低速范围内，能够降低由轨道不平顺引起轮轨垂向冲击，显著抑制了对轨下部分损伤较大的低频振动，减小运行过程中机车对轨下部分的损害。
Based on the multi-body system dynamics theory, a plateau locomotive dynamic model is established with two kinds of different suspension schemes. The effects of μ on the acceleration of bogie, carbody and vertical wheel rail force are analyzed. It is pointed that with the increase of μ, ranging from 0.5 to 3, the vertical acceleration of frame and vertical wheel rail force climb up to 11.24% and 12.2%; the vertical riding quality and acceleration of carbody go down by 11.3% and 15%. Then the influence of different suspension stiffness distribution schemes on vehicle/track vibration characteristics is investigated. The results indicate that the selection of a larger secondary suspension stiffness deteriorate vehicle sperling index. While a smaller primary suspension stiffness can reduce the vertical impact between wheel and rail caused by track irregularity. Especially, the low frequency vibration is inhibited, which do damage to the foundation under rail. The influence of locomotive on ballast and subgrade is decreased during the running process and the subgrade settlement is improved.