废齿轮油萃取-絮凝的再生特性
Regeneration characteristics of waste gear oil by extraction-flocculation

为实现废润滑油的无害化及资源化处理,对废油萃取-絮凝的再生特性进行了实验,测定了新、废齿轮油的部分理化特性及化学族组成,选取萃取-絮凝为废油再生工艺,考察得到再生油的产率和酸值随剂油比、萃取温度、萃取时间和KOH添加量的变化规律,采用傅里叶红外光谱仪分析再生油质量.研究结果表明,废油中基础油部分被氧化并受到杂质的侵入,但其主要成分仍为饱和烃;萃取-絮凝的最佳工况为:剂油比5∶1,萃取温度20 ℃,萃取时间20 min, KOH添加量3 g,在该条件下获得的再生油产率为78.1%,酸值为0.09 mg/g;所得再生油主要成分与新油基础油一致,且黏度和黏度指数均接近新油基础油,但再生油中还残留少量酸性物质,进一步精炼后可得到符合标准的基础油.
In order to recycle the waste lubricating oil, experiments were carried out to study the characteristics of waste oil regeneration with the extraction-flocculation method. Some physical and chemical properties and chemical group composition of the new and waste oil were determined. The extraction-flocculation method was selected as the process of waste oil regeneration. The influences of different solvent oil ratio, extraction temperature, extraction time and the content of KOH on the yield and the acid value of recycled oil were studied. The quality of recycled oil was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared(FTIR). The results show that in waste oil part of the base oil is oxidized and contaminated by impurities, but the main component of waste oil is still saturated hydrocarbon. The optimum extraction-flocculation condition is obtained when solvent oil ratio is 5∶1, extraction temperature is 25 ℃, extraction time is 20 min, and KOH addition is 3 g. The yield and the acid value of recycled oil obtained under this condition are 78.1% and 0.09 mg/g, respectively. The main component of the recycled oil is consistent with the basic oil, and both the viscosity and viscosity indices are close to that of the base oil. However, the recycled oil still contains a small amount of acidic substance, it can meet the standard of basic oil after further refining