负载波动激扰的机车牵引齿轮振动特性
Vibration properties of locomotive traction gear excited by load fluctuation

针对负载波动激扰的机车牵引齿轮振动问题,建立了机车牵引齿轮的动力学方程,利用平均法得到了齿轮振动频率与振幅,分析了振幅变化趋势与参数变化对齿轮振动稳定后振幅的影响规律,并进行了仿真试验。分析结果表明:负载力矩是振动速度的函数; 振动频率为一个定值,当蠕滑速度分别为0.8、0.2 m？s-1时,齿轮的振动频率均为335.0 Hz,非常接近理论值334.8 Hz; 根据不同的情况,振幅逐渐减小至0或逐渐增大至一个稳定的值; 当蠕滑速度为0.8 m？s-1时,齿轮振动稳定后的振幅随着齿轮啮合刚度和啮合阻尼的增大而减小,随着小齿轮上的等效转动惯量和机车轴重的增大而增大,因此,增大齿轮啮合刚度和啮合阻尼、减小小齿轮上的等效转动惯量和机车轴重有助于降低齿轮的振幅。
Aiming at the problem of locomotive traction gear vibration excited by load fluctuation, the dynamics equations of locomotive traction gear were built. The vibrational frequency and amplitude of gear were got by using averaging method. The variation tendency of amplitude and the influences of parameter variations on the amplitude after gear vibrating stably were analyzed, and the simulation test of vibration was carried out. Analysis result shows that load torque is a function of vibrational speed. The vibrational frequency is a constant. When creep speeds are 0.8, 0.2 m？s-1 respectively, the vibrational frequencies of gear are 335.0 Hz, which is very close to the theoretical value 334.8 Hz. The amplitude decreases to 0 or gradually increase to a stable value according to different situations. When creep speed is 0.8 m？s-1, the amplitude after gear vibrating stably decreases with the increases of gear meshing stiffness and meshing damping, and increases with the increases of equivalent moment of inertia for small gear and locomotive axle load. Therefore, increasing gear meshing stiffness and meshing damping and decreasing equivalent moment of inertia for small gear and locomotive axle load help to decrease amplitude of gear. 6 figs, 20 refs