重载货车车轮磨耗与动力学性能演变
Evolution of wheel wear and dynamics performance of heavy haul freight car

基于多体动力学软件SIMPACK建立了考虑车轮磨耗过程的车辆动力学模型,编制了自动实现轮轨迭代计算程序,并将车辆动力学模型、轮轨接触模型、轮轨磨耗模型、轮轨外形更新及运行工况统一组织在动力学软件中。采用内嵌SIMPACK软件的子程序进行动力学计算和磨耗过程的工况和数据组织,采用FASTSim算法进行车辆动力学计算,采用Contact算法进行磨耗计算,并构成在线自动磨耗计算循环,无需外部程序的协同仿真和数据交互。基于C80B型敞车在大秦线的运行环境,研究了车轮磨耗和车辆动力学性能在车辆运用过程中的演变。研究结果表明:车轮踏面磨耗深度和车轮全断面磨耗面积均与运行里程呈近似线性关系,每1.0×105 km的车轮磨耗深度和磨耗面积分别约为1.68 mm和100.63 mm2; 随着车辆运行里程的增加,车轮磨耗与车辆动力学性能也随之恶化,车辆运行2.5×105 km后,车辆横向运行平稳性从新车工况下的优级下降为良级,脱轨系数、轮重减载率与曲线通过轮轴横向力等车辆运行安全性指标均较新车状态增大50%以上。
The vehicle dynamics model considering wheel wear process was established based on a multi-body dynamics software of SIMPACK. The program of wheel/rail iterative automatic computation was programmed. Vehicle dynamics model, wheel/rail contact model, wheel/rail wear model, wheel/rail profile update and operation condition were integrated in the dynamics software. The subprogram embed in software SIMPACK was adopted to carry out the dynamics calculation and to organize the condition and data in wear process. The FASTSim algorithm was adopted to carry out the dynamics calculation of vehicle. Contact algorithm was adopted to carry out the wear calculation. The online automatic wear calculation cycle was formed without the co-simulation and data exchange of external program. Based on the operating environment of Daqin Lines for the C80B gondola, the evolution processes of wheel wear and dynamics performance during vehicle operation were studied. Analysis result indicates that the relationships between wheel tread wear depth, wheel full-section wear area and the operation mileage are both approximately linear, and wheel wear depth and wear area are about 1.68 mm and 100.63 mm2 per 100 000 km respectively. With the increase of operation mileage, the wheel wear and dynamics performance will deteriorates. With 250 000 km operation mileage, the vehicle lateral riding quality decreases from the “excellent” rank of new car to “good” rank, and the indexes of running safety such as derailment coefficient, wheel unloading rate and lateral wheelset force of negotiating, increase by at least 50% compared to new car. 16 figs, 22 refs