基于井群原理的起重船压载水系统仿真
Simulation of crane ship’s ballast system based on well cluster theory

建立了起重船压载水系统的虚拟井群系统和管网结构模型,分析了节点水头和流量的计算方法,研究了管路压降损失的计算方程,考虑了阀门开度和泵节点等特殊节点。建立了管网系统的流量-水头矩阵方程,采用矩阵分割和迭代方法求解节点的水头。为了提高矩阵方程计算效率,得到了实际流通路径的预流通方案。以某起重船压载水系统为原型,建立了仿真系统,实现了人机交互操作控制管网,并实时监控系统工作状态。设置舱室阀门开度分别为1.0、0.5的工况,进行了压载泵输出流量为3 500 m3？h-1,输入到8P、8S、6P、6S、4P、4S六个压载水舱的仿真试验。仿真结果表明:阀门开度均为1.0时,各压载水舱流量分别为603.73、603.73、605.88、605.88、540.39、540.39 m3？h-1,流量和管路长度成反比,将8P、8S舱室阀门开度调整为0.5,6个舱室流量分别为484.87、484.87、670.19、670.19、594.94、594.94 m3？h-1,因此,流量对阀门开度较敏感,并且阀门开度对相邻节点的流量影响较大,这与实际压载水系统具有较高的吻合度; 求解算法收敛速度快,经过5次循环后,流量计算值趋于稳定解。
The virtual well cluster system and pipe network structure model of crane ship’s ballast system were established, the calculation methods of node’s water head and flow rate were analyzed, the calculation equation of pressure drop loss of pipe was researched, and the open degrees of valves and the special nodes such as pumps were considered. The flow rate-water head matrix equation of pipe network was built, and the water heads of nodes were calculated by using matrix partitioning and iteration methods. The pre-transferring routine of actual flow path was calculated in order to improve the calculation efficiency of matrix equation. The simulation system was built based on a crane ship’s ballast system, and the man-computer interactive operation of pipe network was implemented, and the working status of system was monitored real-timely. In simulation experiment, the open degrees of valves were set as 1.0 or 0.5 in different cases respectively, the output flow rate of ballast pump was 3 500 m3？h-1, and the flow was transferred into 6 ballast tanks including 8P, 8S, 6P, 6S, 4P, 4S. Simulation result indicates that when the open degrees of all valves are set as 1.0, the flow rates of 6 ballast tanks are 603.73, 603.73, 605.88, 605.88, 540.39 and 540.39 m3？h-1 respectively, and the flow rate is inversely proportional to the length of pipe network. When the open degrees of valves of 8P and 8S are both adjusted to 0.5, the flow rate of 6 ballast tanks are 484.87, 484.87, 670.19, 670.19, 594.94 and 594.94 m3？h-1 respectively. Obviously, the flow rate is sensitive to the open degrees of valves, and the open degrees has more impact on the flow rates of adjacent nodes, which has a high agreement degree to the actual system. The convergence rate of algorithm is high, and the calculation values of flow rate closely approach steady solution after circulation of 5 times. 1 tab, 17 figs, 22 refs