系统参数对高速列车车轮踏面凹陷磨耗的影响
Effect of system parameters on tread-hollow wear of high-speed train wheels

为了探明高速列车车轮踏面凹陷的原因,建立了以车辆-轨道系统动力学模型与磨耗模型为一体的磨耗预测模型,在轮轨法向接触中采用Herz接触理论进行接触斑形状和法向力分布的计算,在轮轨切向接触中采用Kalker简化理论计算切向力,采用Achard磨耗模型计算磨耗量。为了修正磨耗预测模型,仿真分析了CRH3型高速列车在武广线上运行时的车轮踏面磨耗形状,并与实测车轮踏面磨耗形状进行了对比。为了得到与实测结果比较接近的磨耗规律,考虑磨耗系数的不确定性,在磨耗预测时初始的磨耗系数应除以10。利用修正的理论模型,研究了钢轨型面、车轮型面、运行速度、轨道不平顺、线路条件、转向架结构和悬挂参数对高速列车车轮踏面磨耗规律的影响。研究结果表明:车轮型面和钢轨型面影响车轮踏面磨耗位置、磨耗深度与磨耗宽度,运行速度影响车轮踏面磨耗深度,轨道不平顺影响车轮踏面磨耗深度和宽度,线路曲线半径影响车轮踏面磨耗深度和宽度,过高的运行速度、不合理的轮轨匹配关系和过高的轨道平直度容易引起车轮集中磨耗,导致车轮踏面出现凹陷,转向架悬挂和结构参数对踏面凹磨产生的影响较小。
In order to investigate the reasons of tread-hollow wear of high-speed train wheel, a wear prediction model was set up by coupling a vehicle-track system dynamics model to a wear model. In the wheel-rail normal contact, the shape of contact patch and the distribution of normal force were calculated by using Herz’s contact theory. In the wheel-rail tangential contact, the tangential force was calculated by using Kalker’s simplified theory. The wear loss was calculated by using Achard’s wear model. To revise the wear prediction model, the wheel tread wear shape of CRH3 high-speed train running on Wuhan-Guangzhou Line was simulated, and compared with the wear shape collected from field test. In order to get the wear law close to field test result, the uncertainty of wear coefficient was considered, and the initial wear coefficient should be divided by 10 in wear prediction. Based on the modified theory model, the effects of rail profile, wheel profile, vehicle speed, track irregularity, line condition, the structure and suspension parameters of bogie on the tread wear law of high-speed train wheel were studied. Analysis result indicates that wheel and rail profiles affect the location, depth, and the width of wheel tread wear, vehicle speed affects the depth of wheel tread wear, track irregularity affects the depth and width of wheel tread wear, and line curve radius affects the depth and width of wheel tread wear. Too high vehicle speed, unreasonable wheel-rail matching relation, and too high track straightness will cause a centered wheel wear, and lead to tread-hollow wear. The suspension and structure parameters of bogie have little impact on tread-hollow wear. 1 tab, 17 figs, 23 refs