中置轴挂车列车操纵稳定性与参数优化
Handling stability and parameter optimization of centre axle trailer train

为了提高中置轴挂车列车的操纵稳定性,分析了其横摆运动、侧倾运动、纵向运动、侧向运动的关系,根据汽车动力学理论,采用MATLAB/Simulink建立了列车四自由度动力学仿真模型,采用TruckSim搭建了列车的多自由度复杂非线性仿真模型,利用VBOX数据采集系统与RT陀螺仪构建了列车操纵稳定性测试系统,根据试验标准开展了列车的单车道变换实车试验与仿真试验,并对比分析了仿真与试验结果; 基于列车横摆角速度后部放大系数、铰接角速度、侧向加速度后部放大系数、载荷转移率,建立了列车综合评价得分模型; 通过均匀试验和多元线性回归分析理论,利用虚拟样机技术,对显著影响列车操纵稳定性的相关参数进行了优化分析。优化结果表明:优化后牵引车、中置轴挂车的相关参数都得到了不同程度的改善,牵引车、中置轴挂车横摆角速度最大值分别由0.107 2、0.140 8 rad？s-1降低到0.092 5、0.103 7 rad？s-1,中置轴挂车列车的横摆角速度后部放大系数减小了15.15%; 牵引车、中置轴挂车侧向加速度最大值分别由0.21g、0.27g 降低到0.19g、0.20g,中置轴挂车列车的侧向加速度后部放大系数减小12.10%; 中置轴挂车列车的最大铰接角速度减小23.01%,最大载荷转移率减小了29.41%; 列车综合评价得分由86.66提高到109.02,综合性能得到提高。
To improve the handling stability of centre axle trailer train, the relationships among yaw motion, roll motion, longitudinal and lateral motion were analyzed. The 4-degree of freedom(DOF)dynamics simulation model was established by using MATLAB/Simulink based on the theory of vehicle dynamics. The multi-DOF complex nonlinearity simulation model of the train was established by using TruckSim. The handling stability testing system of the train was constructed through VBOX data acquisition system and RT gyroscope. According to the related standard, single lane change tests were carried out in real vehicle test condition and simulation test condition, and the comparative analysis between test result and simulation result was carried out. Comprehensive evaluation score model of the train was proposed based on the rearward amplification(RA)of yaw rate, articulation rate, rearward amplification of lateral acceleration, load transfer ratio(LTR). Through virtual prototyping technology, the related parameters that have significant impacts on the handling stability of the train were optimized based on the theory of uniform test and multiple linear regression analysis. Optimization result shows that the related parameters of tractor and centre axle trailer improve in varying degrees after the optimization. The maximum yaw rates of tractor and centre axle trailer decrease from 0.107 2 and 0.140 8 rad？s-1 to 0.092 5 and 0.103 7 rad？s-1, respectively, and the rearward amplification of yaw rate of centre axle trailer train reduces by 15.15%. The maximum lateral accelerations of tractor and centre axle trailer decrease from 0.21g and 0.27g to 0.19g and 0.20g, respectively, and the rearward amplification of lateral acceleration of centre axle trailer train reduces by 12.10%. The maximum articulation rate and maximum load transfer ratio of centre axle trailer train reduce by 23.01% and 29.41%,respectively. The comprehensive evaluation score of centre axle trailer train increases from