基于交通事故成本控制的高速公路施工区布局优化
Optimum layout of freeway construction area based on crash cost control

为研究交通事故成本最小情况下的高速公路养护施工区最优化布局，在对高速公路养护施工区特征及临时交通安全设施分析基础上，遴选重要指标并构建高速公路养护施工区交通事故成本预估模型；通过问卷调查确定高速公路养护施工区的布局特征对交通事故的影响等级，定量研究高速公路养护施工区布局特征对交通事故发生风险的影响程度，确定拟实施养护作业路段的事故率变化；最后，建立以交通事故成本控制为目标的高速公路施工区布局优化模型，从而确定最优的养护期间施工区的布局设置。研究结果表明：高速公路施工区布局设置对养护施工区交通事故成本有显著影响，遴选的各类施工区特征中相应的风险等级最高的施工区特征参数分别为白天（6:00~10:00）施工、移动施工、入口匝道附近作业、车道宽度小于标准车道宽度、路面画线、太阳眩光、无限速、施工设备安装、隧道群处、异质性车队（大型车比例20%~80%）；有巡逻车引导车辆通行能在最大程度上减少施工区交通事故；通过求解以交通事故成本控制为目标的高速公路施工区布局优化模型，可获得养护施工区的最优布局设置，实证分析证明了该模型的有效性和实用性。该研究可为优化施工区布局设置、交通安全管理措施评价和施工区成本效益分析提供理论基础。
In order to explore the optimal layout of freeway maintenance construction area under the condition of minimum cost of traffic crashes, the important indexes were selected and the traffic accident cost prediction model of freeway maintenance construction area was constructed on the basis of analyzing the characteristics of freeway maintenance construction area and temporary traffic control (TTC) facilities. A questionnaire survey was conducted to determine the influence level of the layout characteristics of freeway maintenance construction area on traffic accidents. Quantitative study of influence of the layout characteristics of freeway maintenance construction area on traffic accident risk was conducted to determine the accident rate change of the proposed maintenance operation sections. Taking traffic accident cost control as the goal, the objective function model of layout optimization of expressway construction area was established, so as to determine the optimal layout of construction area during maintenance period. The results show that the layout of freeway construction area has significant impacts on traffic accident cost of maintenance construction area. The corresponding layout parameters with the highest risk level in proposed 10 types of characteristics of construction area are daytime (6:00 to 10:00) construction, mobile construction, construction nearby entrance ramps, lane-width less than the standard, pavement marking, sun glare, no speed limited, construction equipment installation, tunnel group, heterogeneous fleet (large vehicle ratio is between 20% to 80%), respectively. Cruisers in construction area which guide the passage of vehicles can greatly reduce the traffic accidents to the largest extent compared to the other safety improvement countermeasures. The optimal layout of maintenance construction area obtained by solving the objective function model of layout optimization of freeway construction area which takes the traffic accident cost control as the goal, and empirical analysis proves the validity and