临近事故模式下驾驶人的视觉应激行为
Drivers’ visual stress behavior under near accident mode

为探寻临近事故模式下驾驶人的视觉应激特性，采用小型乘用车为平台，利用眼动仪对大量被试驾驶人开展了真实道路驾驶试验。采用视频回放方法，从约104 km的试验里程中筛选出一系列临近事故危险数据；通过将注视区域划分为当前车道、左侧区域、右侧区域、左后视镜区域、其他区域这5个区域，对驾驶人应激响应过程中的视觉认知特性进行了分析。研究结果表明：驾驶人在应激响应时的平均眨眼频率要低于应激响应前，而注视范围要广于应激响应前；城市道路环境中，驾驶人在应激响应前更多地关注左侧车道和其他区域，而在应激响应时，对于当前车道、右侧车道和左后视镜的关注程度上升，应激响应中驾驶人的注视转移路径主要为当前车道到右侧车道、左侧车道到当前车道；高速公路环境中，驾驶人在应激响应前对左侧车道、左后视镜和其他区域的关注程度要高于应激响应时，应激响应中驾驶人更多地关注当前车道和右侧车道的信息，应激响应中驾驶人的注视转移路径主要为当前车道转移到右侧车道、右侧车道转移到当前车道；在这2类环境下，驾驶人在应激响应中的视觉行为较为灵活，注视范围也较宽阔。
In order to explore the characteristics of drivers’ visual stress under the condition of traffic conflict state, real road driving test was carried out on a lot of drivers by using the non？？contact eye tracker in a small passenger car. Based on video playback method, several emergency cases were screened out from about 104 km test mileage. The visual cognitive characteristics of driver in the process of stress state were analyzed by dividing the gaze area into 5 zones, which were the current lane, area of left side, area of right side, area of left rear mirror and other areas. The results show that during the process of stress response, driver’s average blink frequency is lower than that before stress response, while fixation range is wider. In urban road environment, drivers pay more attention to the left lane and other area before stress response, while during the stress response, drivers pay more attention to the current lane, right lane and left rear mirror. In the process of stress response, the focus fixation transfer path of drivers is from the current lane to the right lane and then from the left lane to the current lane. In highway environment, drivers pay more attention to the left lane and the left rear mirror before stress response, while during the stress response, drivers pay more attention to the current lane and the right lane. In the process of stress response, the focus fixation transfer path of drivers is from the current lane to the right lane and then from the right lane to the current lane. In the two kinds of environment, the visual characteristic of drivers in the process of stress is more flexible, and the range is wider