城市轨道交通网络的拓扑结构分析
Topology analysis of urban rail transit network

基于图论及复杂网络理论，选取中国10个典型城市的轨道交通网络结构，并对其网络拓扑结构进行分析，其中将复杂度、连通度及其延伸性作为宏观特性表征指标，度、度分布、最短路径长度及其分布、聚类系数作为微观特性表征指标，网络稳定性则以网络效率和最大联通子图作为表征指标。研究结果表明：中国轨道网络的宏观特征为大部分城市的轨道网络处于初期发展阶段，节点的三角形布局形式及大型换乘站设置对轨道网络的整体效率有显著影响；中国轨道网络微观特性为城市轨道网络具有无标度及小世界的特性，大型换乘站点是影响轨道交通发展模式的核心要素；轨道交通网络在应对随机攻击时稳定性较强，但应对蓄意攻击时稳定性相对较弱，仅通过改变轨道网络规模无法显著提高其整体稳定性，大型换乘站对增强网络的稳定性同样具有重要作用。
Based on graph theory and complex network theory, ten typical cities urban rail transit network in China were selected, and their topology characteristics were analyzed. And in which the complexity, connectivity, and extensibility of rail transit network were used to characterize the macroscopic traits, network degree, distribution of network degree, length of the shortest path and its distribution, and clustering coefficient were considered as the microscopic trait variables, and network efficiency and the maximum connection sub？？graph were chosen as the stability index. The results show that the rail transit network in most cities of China were in the primary stage of development, and the “triangle” structure and large transfer station contributed significantly to the efficiency of the whole network. In view of the macroscopic characteristics, the structure of the transit network studied had scale？？free and small？？world network features, and the large transfer stations were the key factor that affected the development pattern of the network. While analyzing the network stability, it can found that rail transit network stable while dealing with random attacks, but becomes weak in deliberate attacks, so it is nearly impossible to improve the network stability by increasing its size. The large transfer station can also help improve the stability of the entire rail transit network. 6 tabs, 12 figs, 27 refs