城市与公路桥梁技术状况评定方法对比分析
Comparative Analysis of Technical Condition Evaluation of City Bridges and Highway Bridges

为研究中国城市与公路桥梁技术状况评定方法的差异和适用性，科学选择评定方法，针对《城市桥梁养护技术规范》(CJJ 99―2003)、《公路桥涵养护规范》(JTG H11―2004)、《公路桥梁技术状况评定标准》(JTG/T H21―2011)和《城市桥梁养护技术标准》（CJJ 99―2017）的理论基础和实际应用进行了对比分析。首先详细阐述规范中不同桥梁技术状况评定方法的基本理论和实施方法，然后从标准类型、评定方法、评定过程、病害分级、评定层次和等级、适用性和优缺点等方面对几种评定方法进行对比分析，并在多座病害程度不同的各种类型桥梁上开展应用对比研究，最后结合应用情况提出针对不同状况评定方法的改进建议。结果表明：现有公路、城市桥梁状况评定方法大都采用综合评定方法，在本行业的桥梁状况评定和养护管理中都起到了重要作用，但在理论结构、计算模型、评定方法、评分标准、等级划分和实际评定应用方面存在一定差异，每种评定方法均有其适用性，各有优缺点，在使用过程中需要互相借鉴、取长补短；针对不同评定方法在实践应用中出现的问题，需要从桥梁病害源头、评定具体实施细则和信息化、智能化评定等方面进行完善和改进。
In order to study the difference and applicability of the technical condition evaluation methods of city bridges and highway bridges, comparison analysis of the evaluation methods among ？？Technical Code of Maintenance for City Bridge？？ (CJJ 99―2003), ？？Code for Maintenance of Highway Bridges and Culverts？？ (JTG H11―2004), ？？Standards for Technical Condition Evaluation of Highway Bridges？？ (JTG/T H21―2011) and ？？Technical Standard of Maintenance for City Bridge？？ (CJJ 99―2017) were carried out. Firstly, the basic theories and implementation methods for different bridge technique condition evaluation methods of specifications were completed. Secondly, comparison analysis on standard type, assessment method, assessment process, disease classification, assessment level and grade, applicability, advantages and disadvantages of several evaluation methods were analyzed, and the comparative study on the different applications in various types of bridges was done. Finally, some improvement suggestions for different assessment methods were put forward combined with the application situations. The results show that all of the city and highway evaluation methods adopt the comprehensive evaluation method, the evaluation methods play an important role in the industry of bridge condition assessment and maintenance management, but have certain differences in the theoretical structure, calculation model, evaluation method, evaluation standard, hierarchy and actual assessment application, each method has its applicability, advantages and disadvantages, different methods should learn and apply from each other in the use process. According to the practical application problems, relevant measures which include source of bridge diseases, specific implementation details of evaluation, information technology and intelligent evaluation should be improved and perfected