消能减震及软钢阻尼器的研究与应用综述
Summary of Research and Application of Energy Dissipation and Mild Steel Damper

以单自由度体系为例，从结构的力学和能量角度对比分析了传统结构和装有附加耗能装置结构之间的区别，从而得出消能减震结构的原理；从耗能材料、耗能机理、受力形式等不同的角度对各类阻尼器进行了简单的汇总和分类；总结了国内外几种典型的软钢阻尼器，如X形阻尼器、三角形阻尼器、中空菱形阻尼器、圆形阻尼器等，并对这几种软钢阻尼器的提出、发展、优化、几何构造、减震原理等方面做了简要说明；针对目前利用阻尼器耗能的消能减震结构仍存在的很多亟待解决的问题，提出了阻尼器研究中有待解决的若干问题和今后阻尼器设计时可采取的一些建议。结果表明：消能减震结构比传统结构在同样的地震力作用下增加了阻尼器耗能，使原结构的塑性变形耗能和滞回耗能需求减少，从而减轻了主体结构的损伤程度；软钢阻尼器因其构造简单、力学性能稳定、造价相对低廉、耗能效果显著等优点，研究和应用最为普遍；阻尼器设计中应考虑合理设置阻尼器平面形状，设置多个耗能元件及耗能机制，利用新材料新技术减少焊接连接，建立更准确的本构关系以及更完备的指导规范。
Taking the single degree of freedom system as an example, the difference between the traditional structure and the structure with additional energy consuming devices was analyzed from the perspective of structural mechanics and energy, and the principle of energy dissipation structure was obtained. Various types of dampers were simply summarized and classified from different angles such as energy consuming materials, energy consumption mechanism, and force form. Several typical soft steel dampers at home and abroad were summarized, such as X-shaped dampers, triangular dampers, diamond？？shaped opening dampers, circular dampers, etc. The brief descriptions of the proposed, development, optimization, geometric structure and damping principle of these kinds of mild steel dampers were given. Aiming at many problems that need to be solved for the energy dissipation structure using damper energy dissipation, several problems to be solved in the damper research and some suggestions that can be taken in the future damper design were proposed. The results show that the energy dissipation structure is more effective than the traditional structure under the same seismic force, such as increasing the energy consumption of the damper, reducing the plastic deformation energy consumption and hysteretic energy consumption of the original structure, thereby reducing the damage of the main structure. The soft steel damper is the most common research and application due to its simple structure, stable mechanical performance, relatively low cost and remarkable energy consumption. The damper design should consider the reasonable plane shape, set up multiple energy consuming components and energy consumption mechanism, use new materials and new technologies to reduce solder joints, establish more accurate constitutive relationships and more complete guidelines