|
|
- 2017
生物炭添加对大豆和花生幼苗氮素吸收速率的影响
|
Abstract:
摘要 以大豆和花生幼苗为研究对象，借助15N示踪技术研究生物炭添加量（0、0.5、2.5和10 mg·g-1）对大豆和花生两种豆科植物幼苗的生物量和氮素吸收速率的影响。研究发现，同对照相比生物炭添加未显著改变大豆幼苗的总生物量，但两个较高剂量添加处理之间存在显著性差异；生物炭添加未显著改变花生幼苗的生物量，但最大剂量添加显著增加其根冠比。随着添加剂量的增加，生物炭显著降低大豆对15NH4+和15N-glycine的吸收速率，但对15NO3-吸收速率的降低作用相对较弱。生物炭添加显著降低花生对15NH4+的吸收速率，而对15NO3-吸收速率的影响表现为先增加后降低的趋势，生物炭未显著改变花生对15N-glycine的吸收速率。以上研究表明，生物炭能够影响作物氮素吸收速率，但影响依赖于物种差异及生物炭添加剂量。因此对农田土壤进行生物炭添加时，应考虑物种属性和氮形态的差异以提高氮素利用效率和维持作物产量。
| [1] | 张福锁, 巨晓棠. 对我国持续农业发展中氮肥管理与环境问题的几点认识[J]. 土壤学报, 2002, 39(1): 41-55. |
| [2] | Bruun E W, Petersen C T, Hansen E, et al. Biochar amendment to coarse sandy subsoil improves root growth and increases water retention [J]. Soil Use and Management, 2014, 30(1): 109-118. |
| [3] | Biederman L A, Harpole W S. Biochar and its effects on plant productivity and nutrient cycling: a meta-analysis [J]. GCB Bioenergy, 2013, 5(2): 202-214. |
| [4] | Kammann C I, Schmidt H P, Messerschmidt N, et al. Plant growth improvement mediated by nitrate capture in co-composted biochar [J]. Scientific Reports, 2015, 5：11 080. |
| [5] | Huang M, Yang L, Qin H, et al. Fertilizer nitrogen uptake by rice increased by biochar application [J]. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 2014, 50(6): 997-1 000. |
| [6] | Britto D T, Kronzucker H J. Ecological significance and complexity of N-source preference in plants [J]. Annals of Botany, 2013, 112(6): 957-963. |
| [7] | Taghizadeh-Toosi A, Clough T J, Sherlock R R, et al. Biochar adsorbed ammonia is bioavailable [J]. Plant and Soil, 2012, 350(1/2): 57-69. |
| [8] | Clough T J, Condron L M, Kammann C, et al. A review of biochar and soil nitrogen dynamics [J]. Agronomy, 2013, 3(2): 275-293. |
| [9] | Solaiman Z M, Blackwell P, Abbott L K, et al. Direct and residual effect of biochar application on mycorrhizal root colonisation, growth and nutrition of wheat [J]. Soil Research, 2010, 48(7): 546-554. |
| [10] | 苏倩, 侯振安, 赵靓, 等. 生物碳对土壤磷素和棉花养分吸收的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报, 2014, 20(3): 642-650. |
| [11] | 徐兴良, 白洁冰, 欧阳华. 植物吸收土壤有机氮的研究进展[J]. 自然资源学报, 2011, 26(4): 715-724. |
| [12] | Owen A G, Jones D L. Competition for amino acids between wheat roots and rhizosphere microorganisms and the role of amino acids in plant N acquisition [J]. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2001, 33(4): 651-657. |
| [13] | Vitousek P M, Howarth R W. Nitrogen limitation on land and in the sea: how can it occur? [J]. Biogeochemistry, 1991, 5: 7-34. |
| [14] | Sohi S P, Krull E, Lopez-Capel E, et al. A review of biochar and its use and function in soil [J]. Advances in Agronomy, 2010, 105: 47-82. |
| [15] | Xu G, Lü Y, Sun J, et al. Recent advances in biochar applications in agricultural soils: benefits and environmental implications [J]. Clean-Soil, Air, Water, 2012, 40(10): 1 093-1 098. |
| [16] | 袁金华, 徐仁扣. 生物质炭的性质及其对土壤环境功能影响的研究进展[J].生态环境学报, 2011, 20(4): 779-785. |
| [17] | 郭大勇, 范明生，张福锁. 农田土壤黑炭应用研究进展[J].植物营养与肥料学报, 2012, 18(5): 1 252-1 261. |
| [18] | 卜晓莉，薛建辉. 生物炭对土壤生境及植物生长影响的研究进展[J].生态环境学报, 2014, 23(3): 535-540. |
| [19] | Chintala R, Schumacher T E, McDonald L M, et al. Phosphorus sorption and availability from biochars and soil/biochar mixtures [J]. Clean-Soil, Air, Water, 2014, 42(5): 626-634. |
| [20] | 武玉，徐刚，吕迎春，等. 生物炭对土壤理化性质影响的研究进展[J].地球科学进展, 2014, 29(1): 68-79. |
| [21] | 李文娟. 生物炭对不同质地土壤 NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>-N和NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N运移规律的影响[D].陕西杨凌：西北农林科技大学，2013. |
| [22] | Zheng H, Wang, Z, Deng X, et al. Impacts of adding biochar on nitrogen retention and bioavailability in agricultural soil [J]. Geoderma, 2013, 206: 32-39. |
| [23] | Spokas K A, Novak J M, Venterea R T. Biochar's role as an alternative N-fertilizer: ammonia capture [J]. Plant and Soil, 2012, 350(1/2): 35-42. |
| [24] | Chen C R, Phillips I R, Condron L M, et al. Impacts of greenwaste biochar on ammonia volatilisation from bauxite processing residue sand [J]. Plant and Soil, 2013, 367(1/2): 301-312. |
| [25] | Clough T J, Condron L M, Kammann C, et al. A review of biochar and soil nitrogen dynamics [J]. Agronomy, 2013, 3(2): 275-293. |
| [26] | Yao Y, Gao B, Zhang M, et al. Effect of biochar amendment on sorption and leaching of nitrate, ammonium, and phosphate in a sandy soil [J]. Chemosphere, 2012, 89(11): 1 467-1 471. |
| [27] | Biederman L A, Harpole W S. Biochar and its effects on plant productivity and nutrient cycling: a meta-analysis [J]. GCB Bioenergy, 2013, 5(2): 202-214. |
| [28] | Anderson C R, Condron L M, Clough T J, et al. Biochar induced soil microbial community change: implications for biogeochemical cycling of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus [J]. Pedobiologia, 2011, 54(5): 309-320. |
| [29] | Lehmann J, Rillig M C, Thies J, et al. Biochar effects on soil biota： a review [J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2011, 43(9): 1 812-1 836. |
| [30] | DeLuca T H, Gundale M J, MacKenzie M D, et al. Biochar effects on soil nutrient transformations [M]//Biochar for environmental management: science. Technology and Implementation. New York: Taylor and Francis Group, 2015: 421-454. |
| [31] | Clough T J, Condron L M. Biochar and the nitrogen cycle: introduction [J]. Journal of Environmental Quality, 2010, 39(4): 1 218-1 223. |
| [32] | Warnock D D, Lehmann J, Kuyper T W, et al. Mycorrhizal responses to biochar in soil： concepts and mechanisms [J]. Plant and Soil, 2007, 300(1/2): 9-20. |
| [33] | Robertson S J, Rutherford P M, Lopez-Gutierrez J C, et al. Biochar enhances seedling growth and alters root symbioses and properties of subboreal forest soils [J]. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 2012, 92(2): 329-340. |
| [34] | 徐凡珍.生物炭对土壤理化性质及橡胶幼苗生长的影响[D].云南勐腊：中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园, 2014. |
| [35] | Xu X L, Ouyang H, Cao G M, et al. Dominant plant species shift their nitrogen uptake patterns in response to nutrient enrichment caused by a fungal fairy in an alpine meadow [J]. Plant and Soil, 2011, 341(1/2): 495-504. |
