土地征收对农户生活消费与人力资本投资的影响研究
The Impact of Land Expropriation on Farmers’ Living Consumption and Human Capital Investment in China

土地征收势必会导致农户生活消费发生变化，人力资本投资是土地被征农户维持并改善家庭可持续生计能力的重要途径。本文根据中国家庭收入调查数据，采用基于Logit模型的倾向得分匹配方法，考察土地征收对农户生活消费支出和人力资本投资（包括教育支出和健康支出）的影响。研究显示：土地征收显著提升了农户生活消费和人力资本投资力度，且农户户主特征、健康与保障状况也对生活消费、人力资本投资存在显著影响；土地征收使得农民家庭的生活消费上升幅度为19.0%～22.2%；土地征收使得农户在教育和健康方面的支出分别提高了9.6%～15.5%和20.6%～20.9%；并且，东部地区农户相对中西部地区农户的生活消费支出更高、教育和健康投资力度更大。由此提出政府在实施土地征收制度过程中应注重农民家庭差异，进一步引导农户进行人力资本投资，帮助不同地区农户实现生活平稳过渡，提升农户可持续生计能力。
The change of Chinese farmers’ living consumption caused by land expropriation is inevitable; human capital investment is an important channel to sustain and improve their living standards.Based on the data from Chinese Households Income Project,this paper analyzed the impact of land expropriation on farmers’ living consumption and human capital investment (including education and health) by applying the Propensity Score Matching Method based on Logit Model.The results show that land expropriation significantly increased farmers’ living consumption and human capital investment,and their household heads’ characteristics and family’s health and security conditions significantly influenced households’ living consumption and human capital investment; land expropriation significantly drove farmers’ living consumption to climb by 19.0% to 22.2% and increased farmers’ investment in education by 9.6% to 15.5%,as well as in health by 20.6% to 20.9%.In addition,farmers in the eastern China had higher living consumption and invested more on education and health than those in the mid-west after land expropriation.Thus,the government should notice the differences among farmers’ households whose land has been expropriated,provide further guide for their human capital investment,help them to live through this transitional stage in different regions,and improve their capability to gain a sustainable livelihood.