关系吸纳制度：寡头治村与基层民主的变异
Institutions Absorbed by Relationship:Oligarchic Village and the Variation of Grass-roots Democracy

寡头治村是基层民主失序的极端形态，分析寡头治村的形成机制有助于把握基层民主建设的难点。在宗族分化的社会基础和开放选举的制度框架下，以家族关系为基础的自己人关系在精英的权力竞争中被政治化，成为精英的政治支持集团。寡头治村的形成在于寡头个人的能量超出其他精英，且在村庄内构建了笼罩性的自己人关系网络，从而建立稳固的权力基础。在自己人关系网络居于主导的情况下，公共关系变得私人化，在利益分配和村庄治理中，私人原则均居于主导地位，公共性的制度运作被吸纳，而公共关系的私人化又反过来巩固了寡头的自己人关系网络。在实际的村治格局中，公与私是混合在一起的，而村干部的行为向公的方向还是向私的方向偏移，取决于村干部的自己人关系网络的强弱。
The oligarchic village is the extreme form of the failure of the grass-roots democracy,and the analysis of the formation mechanism of the oligarchical village helps to grasp the difficulties in the construction of grassroots democracy.On the social basis of clan differentiation and institutional framework of open elections,the personal relationship connected by kinship is politicalized in elites’ power game to become the political support of elites.The formation of the oligarchic village is as follows.The oligarch,the most capable man in the village,expands his private asylum relationship to reinforce his power.In this premise,the public relationship becomes privatized,which could be found in the interest division and village governance; the public institution is absorbed by individual autonomy; the privatized public relationship helps to strengthen the private asylum relationship in return.In the real governance,there is no border between the public and the private; thus the only ruler is how forceful the cadres’ asylum relationship is.