农村最低生活保障财政支出效率静态状况及动态变化——基于2008—2013年省际面板数据的实证分析
Static State and Dynamic Changes of Fiscal Expenditure Efficiency of Rural Minimum Living Security——An Empirical Study Based on Provincial Panel Data from 2008 to 2013

使用2008—2013年省际面板数据，分析中国农村最低生活保障财政支出效率，测算中国大陆31个省域农村最低生活保障财政支出的静态效率，同时用Malmquist指数法分析效率动态变化情况。研究结果表明，从静态效率看，农村最低生活保障财政支出综合技术效率很大程度上由规模效率决定，取决于实际支出规模是否靠近最优规模，农村低保财政支出效率有着较为明显的地域差异和地区特征；从效率动态变化看，每年农村低保财政支出不断增加的同时其效率在下降，大体上中部地区全要素生产率变动情况优于东、西部地区，主要诱因在于技术进步变动。由此提出从测算农村低保财政最优支出规模、农村低保对象识别机制、农村低保标准调整机制、财政支出均等化等方面入手，提高农村低保财政支出效率，以更好地保障农村贫困人口的基本生活权益。
Based on provincial panel data from 2008 to 2013,this paper analyses the fiscal expenditure efficiency of rural minimum living security,estimates the static efficiency of fiscal expenditure of 31 provincial rural minimum living security and analyzes dynamic changes of efficiency with the help of Malmquist index method. The result shows that firstly from the view of the static efficiency,the fiscal expenditure of the rural minimum living security depends on the SE to a great extent,and there are obvious differences between efficiency of the rural minimum living security fiscal expenditure in 31 provinces; Secondly from the view of dynamic change of efficiency,the efficiency is decreasing while fiscal expenditure of rural minimum living security is improving. In general,total factor productivity changes in central regions are better than those in western regions and the main reason lies in the changes of technogical advance. Therefore,this paper proposes some suggestions on how to improve the efficiency of fiscal expenditure of rural minimum living security and further guarantee the basic rights and interests of life for the impoverished rural population from the aspects of the calculation of the optimal expenditure scale,object recognition mechanism,adjustment mechanism of rural minimum living standard and the equalization of fiscal expenditure.