非农就业与农户收入差距研究——基于“离土”和“离乡”的异质性分析
Study on Off-farm Employment and Income Gap of Farmers——Based on Heterogeneity Analysis of Local Off-farm Employment and Out-of-village Employment

基于“离土”和“离乡”非农就业的异质性差异，构建非农就业影响农户收入差距的理论分析框架，并运用2014年中国家庭追踪调查数据（CFPS）验证“离土”和“离乡”型非农就业对农户收入差距的影响。结果表明：家庭经济结构的重新配置使贫困农户能够参与非农就业，从而使“离乡”型非农就业对农户收入差距有显著的缓解作用；而本地非农经营活动的高度选择性则使“离土”型非农就业对农户收入差距有显著的刺激作用。因此，畅通社会交往的渠道以降低农户社会交往成本，继续鼓励农户外出务工以积累物质资本，保证本地非农就业机会的通达性，以此抑制农户收入差距的扩大。
Based on the heterogeneity of local off-farm employment and out-of-village employment,this paper constructs the theoretical analysis framework of the effect of off-farm employment on farmers’ income gap,and uses the China family panel studies data (CFPS) to test the influence of local off-farm employment and out-of-village employment on farmers’ income disparity. The result shows that the reallocation of the family economic structure enables poor farmers to participate in non agricultural employment,so that out of village employment has a significant mitigation effect on the income gap of farmers,while the high selectivity of local off farm activities leads to significant stimulating effect on the income gap of farmers for local off farm employment. Therefore,this paper points out that social interaction costs of farmers can be reduced through smoothing the channels of social communication,farmers are encouraged to go out to work in order to accumulate material capital,accessibility of local non agricultural employment opportunities should be ensured so as to inhibit the expansion of income gap among farmers.