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- 2015
不同经营规模农户的油菜生产技术效率分析——基于湖北、四川等6省市689户农户的调查数据
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Abstract:
利用四川、湖北、河南、陕西、上海、江苏6省市油菜示范县689户农户的微观数据，基于超对数随机前沿分析方法，分析了不同经营规模农户油菜生产的技术效率分布及其影响因素的差异。结果发现：主要生产要素投入对油菜产量增加的效果较明显，其大小顺序为农药投入＞化肥投入＞种子投入＞劳动力投入＞土地投入；样本农户油菜种植平均技术效率为83.99%，仍有16.01%的增产空间；不同经营规模农户的油菜生产技术效率分布差别较大，总体呈偏态分布；在影响农户技术效率的主要因素中，受教育程度对不同规模农户的生产技术效率均有正向影响，家庭受农业技术培训人次、家庭成员是否有人担任村或村以上干部、外出务工人数、农户到最近农产品贸易市场的距离等因素，对小规模农户技术效率具有显著的正效应，大规模农户油菜生产技术效率则对家庭规模、家庭成员接受农业技术培训的人次及油菜收入占家庭总收入的比例的反应较为敏感。
Based on microcosmic data from 689 households in rapeseed production demonstration counties of Sichuan,Hubei,Henan,Shanxi and Shanghai,this paper uses trans-log stochastic frontier approach to analyze the differences of technical efficiency distribution of households of different scale of operations in the rapeseed production and their impacting factors.The result shows that investment of major production elements had a significant effect on rapeseed yield,the order is pesticide inputs＞chemical fertilizer＞seed input＞labor input＞land input.The average technical efficiency of rapeseed production samples was 83.99 percent,there are still 16.01 percent to increase.Technical efficiency of different rapeseed production scale is totally different,which shows skew distribution in general.Among the major factors influencing farmers’ technical efficiency,education has a positive influence.On the other hand,factors such as number of family members who are trained by farming techniques,whether member of family is holding a post in the village or above or not,number of migrant workers,distance between farmers’ house and the nearest markets have a significant positive influence on technical efficiency of small-scale households.While technical efficiency of rapeseed production for large-scale households is quite sensitive to family size,family members who are trained by farming techniques and the percentage of rapeseed income in the total family income.
