居住模式、居住距离与农村老年人主观福利的关系研究
Study on the Relationship of Living Pattern,Living Distance and Subjective Well-being of the Rural Elderly

老年人居住模式与主观福利的关系是家庭研究中的重要问题。基于2013年中国健康与养老追踪调查（CHARLS）数据，以代际居住距离为切入点，考察“亲子同住”、“分而不离”以及“既分又离”等居住模式对农村老年人主观福利的影响差异，同时进行影响异质性及影响路径的讨论与检验。研究发现：代际居住距离与农村老年人抑郁程度呈正“U”型关系，与生活满意度呈倒“U”型关系，“分而不离”的居住模式对老年人主观福利状况更具优势，尤其是女性、年龄相对较低和有一定生活自理能力的老年人。从影响途径看，“分而不离”的居住模式主要通过增加子女的经济支持、改善代际关系以及提高老年人的社会活动参与水平，从而促进老年人的主观福利。其中，代际关系的改善是“分而不离”居住模式提升老年人主观福利水平的主要原因。
The relationship between living pattern and subjective well-being of the elderly is an important issue in family research.Based on the data of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey (CHARLS) in 2013,this paper investigates the effect of living patterns such as “living with children”,“separating without leaving” and “separating and leaving” on the subjective well-being of the rural elderly and its heterogeneity and impact path.The results show that the relationship between intergenerational living distance and depressive degree and life satisfaction of rural elderly is positive “U” shape and inverted “U” shape respectively.The elderly has the highest level of subjective well-being when living in the same village but not together with their children,especially for the elderly who are women,relatively young and who have high-leveled self-care ability.From the perspective of the impact path,“separating without leaving” affects the subjective well-being of the rural elderly mainly by increasing the economic support from children,improving intergenerational relations and raising the participation level of the elderly in social activities.Among them,the improvement of intergenerational relations has the most significant impact on the subjective well-being of the rural elderly.