村镇民办养老机构存在的法律问题及对策探究——基于湖北汉川、广东珠海的实地调研
Legal Problems of the Rural Private Pension Institutions and Countermeasures——Based on the Field Survey of Hanchuan City and Zhuhai City

对广东省珠海市、湖北省汉川市的4个典型村镇民办养老机构进行实地调查，结果发现村镇民办养老机构存在着：法律定位模糊、有效监督评估机制缺失、所有权与经营权分离导致的产权困境、权利与义务不对等以及养老服务纠纷解决机制缺失等种种问题。在分析村镇民办养老机构的概念，对两地民政主管官员、机构管理者、入住老人的深入访谈及问卷调查的基础上，提出了政府及立法机关应明确村镇民办养老机构法律地位、建立养老服务纠纷解决机制、建立完善行业评估机制、因地制宜建立完善法律法规、建立起部门间统筹协调机制等法律对策建议，以促进村镇民办养老机构健康发展。
Based on the field survey at four typical rural private pension institutions in Zhuhai City of Guangdong Province and Hanchuan City of Hubei Province,this article found these institutions were haunted by problems below,namely the fuzzy legal positioning,the lack of effective evaluation mechanism,the separation of ownership and management rights,the imbalance between rights and obligations,and the lack of problem-solving mechanism for dispute.Based on the analysis of the concept of rural private pension institutions,and the use of in-depth interviews and questionnaire survey for civil administration officials,institution managers as well as the old man lived in institutions,this article proposed that the government and legislature should identify the legal status of these private institutions,establish pension service dispute resolution mechanism,improve industry evaluation mechanism,improve laws and regulations according to local conditions,and set up the coordinating mechanism among government departments so as to promote the development of rural private pension institutions.