香石竹表型多样性分析及利用
Analyses and utilization of the phenotypic diversity of carnation

以23个香石竹品种为材料，从物候期和表型性状两个方面对香石竹表型多样性进行研究，旨在为香石竹的资源利用和遗传改良提供可靠依据。结果表明：标准型香石竹品种与射散型香石竹品种之间差异较大;标准型香石竹品种间差异较大，射散型香石竹品种间差异较小。标准型香石竹生长速度普遍比射散型香石竹快，生长最快的标准型香石竹品种SW (Dianthus caryophyllus ‘Snow White’) 定植后163 d即达到了盛花期，生长最快的射散型香石竹品种SB (D. caryophyllus ‘Samba’) 在定植195 d后才达到盛花期；多样性分析发现，花朵数和分枝数变异系数较高，分别高达135.14%和56.27%，株高的变异系数则仅为14.30%；聚类分析发现，当遗传距离为6.1时，可将23个香石竹品种分为两大组，与表型性状相符。标准型香石竹适宜作为先期开花的品种进行促成栽培，射散型香石竹可作为后期开花的品种进行抑制栽培。
The phenological phase and morphological indicators of 23 carnation cultivars were investigated to provide reliable bases for the resource utilization and genetic improvement of carnation.The results showed that there were large differences between standard carnations and spray carnations.The differences among standard carnation cultivars were large while the differences among spray carnation cultivars were relatively small.The growing speeds of standard carnations usually were faster than those of spray carnations.Dianthus caryophyllus ‘Snow White’ which grew fastest among standard carnations came into its full-flower stage 163 days after planting.While D. caryophyllus ‘Samba’ which grew fastest among spray carnations came into full-flower stage 195 days later after planting.Among all of the phenotypic traits，flower number and branch number had the greatest variation degree,with the variation coefficient of 135.14% and 56.27%,respectively.The height of plant had the smallest variation coefficient,with the variation coefficient of 14.30%.When the genetic distance was 6.1,the 23 carnation cultivars were divided into two big groups，consistent with the results of classification based on the phenotypic traits.Standard carnation cultivars are suitable for forcing culture to bloom earlier while spray carnation cultivars can be used for retarding culture to bloom later.