花生不同播种期对甘蔗/花生复合群落生态因子及花生产量的影响
Effects of different sowing times of peanut on ecological factors of sugarcane-peanut intercropping and peanut yield

在甘蔗/花生间套作带状种植条件下，采用不同播期处理研究甘蔗/花生间套作的生态效应及其对花生产量与农艺性状的影响。结果表明：适宜的花生播期处理能够显著提高花生产量，其中IS3处理（甘蔗播前15 d种植花生）增产效果最佳，并且对甘蔗的产量及各农艺性状没有显著影响。间套作能够显著提高土壤中铵态氮含量，增幅为57.66%~85.69%，有效降低土壤硝态氮含量，其中IS3、IS4（甘蔗花生同期播种）、IS5（甘蔗播后15 d种植花生）处理中硝态氮含量降低24.33%~26.76%。同时，间套作中适宜的播期处理能够显著提高土壤微生物量碳/氮含量、整体代谢活性与群落结构多样性，改善田间小气候。各生态因子与产量的相关性分析表明，土壤微生物量碳/氮含量与花生产量具有显著相关性。因此，选择合适的甘蔗/花生间套作播期，会产生显著的增产效果与生态效益。
Sugarcane (Saccharum sinensis Roxb) is an important sugar crop produced mainly in the subtropical and tropical regions of China.Wide row spacing (1.0-1.2 m) and initial slow growth rate of sugarcane offers a suitable space and resources (water,nutrition,light) niche for intercropping in sugarcane.A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different sowing times of peanut on ecological factors of sugarcane-peanut intercropping and peanut yield.Seven treatments were used to evaluate appropriate sugarcane-peanut intercropping treatments.Results showed that peanut yield and the agronomic traits significantly increased in appropriate sugarcane-peanut intercropping treatments,especially in the IS3 treatment.The intercropping treatments significantly increased the concentration of soil ammonium nitrogen with 57.66%-85.69%.Meanwhile,it significantly decreased the concentration of soil nitrate nitrogen,especially in the IS3,IS4,IS5 treatments,which decreased by 24.33%-26.76%.The functional diversity and metabolic activity of soil microbial community was improved under intercropping,so did with soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen.Intercropping improved the condition of field microclimate.The soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen were significantly correlated with yield.It is indicated that appropriate sugarcane-peanut intercropping could obviously increase the peanut yield and the agronomic traits,which had significant ecological effects.