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-  2018 

中国高端人才政策的生成逻辑与战略转型:1978-2017
Generative Logic and Strategic Transformation of Talent Policy in China:1978-2017

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Abstract:

摘要 在全球化时代,高端人才的国际环流和区域聚集作为重要的人口学现象,既是一国经济与科技创新活力的体现,亦是国家获得竞争优势的关键。在这一背景下,吸引高端引领人才回流和聚集日益成为一个重要的公共政策领域——高端人才政策体系。以1978-2017年中国政府颁布的844件高端人才政策文本为分析样本,利用社会网络分析方法和政策文献量化研究方法,对改革开放40年我国高端人才政策的制度变迁、话语结构转向以及发文机构网络关系进行分析。研究发现,中国高端人才政策具有显著的政府主导性和变革渐进性、强调“引”大于“育”的政策价值隐喻等特征,也经历了政策工具从单一到多元、发文机构从相对独立到协同的制度变迁。从政策的生成逻辑来看,高端人才政策是实现国家战略的人才支撑与智力基础,其形成与变迁既是国内经济、科技、教育以及产业结构转型的重要组成部分,也是应对全球化所带来的对竞争和卓越逻辑的主动、积极回应。在战略转型上,高端人才政策的体系化和科学化过程,依赖于与其他类型和层面创新政策的嵌入性和耦合性。研究认为,在“一带一路”倡议、“双一流”建设以及实施科技高端引领背景下,应通过积分体系建设、促进人才合理有序流动、完善人才搜索机制、创新人才招募和使用模式以及实现从“引”向“育”和“聚”并举的战略转型,构建一个与教育、科技和对外开放战略新格局精准匹配、具有国际竞争力的高端人才政策体系。
Abstract:In an era of globalization, brain circulation and regional gathering is essential to economic progress and competitive advantage, and how to attract talent returnees and brain mobility through public policy becomes national strategy. Taking the 844 pieces policy text issued by government from 1978 to 2017 as sample, using social network and text quantitative research method, the paper analyzes the policy changes, policy discourse transformation and institutions network since 1978.It is found that talent policy system in China is characterized as changing slowly and state-assisted, more emphasis on “oversea returnee” than “local talent”, with the tendency of diversity of policy tools and more collaboration among organizations. As a part of social transformation, talent policy system plays a key role in response to the international competition and domestic development. In the context of “Belt and Road”, “Double First-rate” and Innovation-driven Development model, efforts should be made to build a more competitive and attractive talent policy system.

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