从政治场域的边缘到诗歌场域的中心——晚宋江湖诗人的价值取向与身份认同
Value Orientation and Identity of Jiang Hu Poets in the Late Southern Song Dynasty

摘要 处在近世社会前端，南宋后期“江湖诗人”群体及其创作现象颇受关注。“江湖”有地理、文化和社会三个概念层面的涵义。论者一般从文化概念层面定义这个诗人群体，从而对其社会地位、身份及创作风貌有所预设；如果从社会概念层面理解“江湖”，则能发现南宋中期以后，一个更具自主性的诗歌场域正在形塑，诗人们的确已经用“江湖”指称他们活动的特定社会空间。由于科举制度改革，诗人在权力结构中边缘化了；不过，惯习和士人的内转倾向决定诗歌仍是最重要的文体。在此前提下形成特定的社会空间：其间行动者以诗人为身份，以诗歌为竞争资本；当诗集被刊行出售或者换来馈赠，实现与金钱的直接转换，就表明诗歌场域已经相对独立。它强调文学写作自身的价值和原则，并且呈现从庙堂下移的倾向。而诗歌写作的纯文学性和平民化趋向，正是近世文学的特征之一；只要转变观察角度，江湖诗人现象的多层意义就得以呈现。
Abstract：Understanding the Jiang Hu Poets and their creations from the social level，this paper finds out that an autonomous poetry field is forming in the late Southern Song Dynasty. Poetry is still the most important literary style，although the poet is marginalized in the power structure owing to the reform of the imperial examination system. A certain social space then is formed in which some people have the identity of a poet, making a living by poetry，which shows that the field of poetry is relatively independent. The emphasis is put on literary writing’s value and principles，not political mainstream thought. The pure literature natue and common trend of poetry writing is one of the characteristics of modern literature.