住房是否影响了居民健康？——来自中国综合社会调查(2015)的实证分析
Whether Housing Affects Urban Rsidents’ Health Level？——From an Empirical Analysis of Chinese General Social Survey(2015)

摘要 本文根据中国综合社会调查(CGSS)2015年的数据，分析了住房与居民健康之间的关系。通过利用住房产权和住房面积两个指标衡量住房特征，本文发现拥有自有住房的居民其健康水平能得到明显的改善；对子样本的分析发现，住房面积能够显著影响家庭经济能力高于当地平均水平的居民的健康；同时，住房能够显著影响年龄在35岁及以上群体的健康水平。倾向得分匹配法的实证结果也同样证明，住房产权能够提高居民健康水平改善的概率。采用工具变量的probit方法得到的结果依然稳健。根据本文研究结论，建议政府可以通过利用住房产权的积极作用，提升居民健康水平，特别是通过支持居民家庭购买首套住房，实现居民人力资本的提升，促进经济社会发展。
Abstract：Based on the data of Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) 2015， this paper analyzes the intrinsic logical relationship between housing and urban residents’ health level. Through two indicators measuring housing characteristics， housing property rights and housing area，the paper finds out that， the health level of residents with their own housing has been significantly improved. The analysis of the sample shows that housing area has stronger impact on the health level of the residents with higher economic capacity than the local average， and housing can significantly affect the health of residents aged 35 years old and above. In addition， the empirical results of IV probit is still robust and the propensity score matching method also proves that housing property rights can increase the probability of improving residents’ health level. According to the above， this paper suggests that， the government should give priority to the positive role of housing property rights in resolving residents’ problems， especially considering the importance of household purchases of the first housing to promote the development of economy and human capital.