在国家与社会之间：传统中国治水事业的历史与逻辑
Between State and Society： The History and Logic of Water Management in Traditional China

摘要 在对防水患与兴水利活动进行相对区分的基础上，本文将传统中国治水事业置于国家与社会动态关系中重新进行考察。研究发现，当国家力量增强、社会力量减弱，则防水患、兴水利的强度都有增加的趋势；当国家力量减弱、社会力量增强，则防水患强度减弱，而兴水利强度未必如此；当国家力量过度衰弱时，则两个强度都会显著减弱。综合比较，国家力量增强在防水患方面具有比较优势，而社会力量增强在兴水利方面具有比较优势，但两者并不必然存在非此即彼的竞争关系。
Abstract：Based on a relative differentiation between flood prevention and water conservation， this paper re-examined the water management in traditional China in a context of dynamic relationship between state and society. The result showed that when state became stronger and society became weaker， the intensity of flood prevention and water conservation activities increased simultaneously；when state became weaker and society became stronger， the intensity of flood prevention activities decreased， while it was not the same to water conservation activities； when state became weaker excessively，both the intensities of flood prevention and water conservation activities decreased. In comparison， the growth of state strength has comparative advantages in flood prevention， while the growth of society strength has comparative advantages in water conservation.