企业异质性、市场退出与中国制造业企业生产率的空间有偏分布
Firm Heterogeneity， Market Exit and the Skewed Productivity Spatial Distribution of China Manufacturing Firms

摘要 本文利用1998－2008年中国制造业企业数据，首次对企业生产率空间分布的偏态性进行研究。发现企业生产率空间分布呈现出明显的有偏特征且随时间规律变化，造成该现象的原因在于不同生产率水平的异质性企业在市场退出行为上存在差异。借助于新经济地理学理论，本文构造了由222个城市构成的面板数据，识别了影响生产率分布偏态性的经济地理因素，并分析这些因素对于异质性企业市场退出行为的作用规律。相关结论为完善新经济地理模型中关于企业生产率分布的参数设置提供了实证参考，同时研究也表明在规划工业园区产业构成和实施研发补贴等区域政策时，需要考虑地区企业生产率分布的偏态特征，以增强政策的针对性和有效性。
Abstract：This paper studies the shape of manufacturing firms' productivity spatial distribution by using the 1998－2008 industrial firm database from the China National Bureau of Statistics. It finds that the productivity distribution tends to be skewed and the skewness varies over times. Such variation is caused by the difference in exit behavior among heterogeneous firms with different productivity. Under the framework of New Economic Geography，it constructs a panel data consisting of 222 cities， then explores the linkage between economic geographic variables and the skewness of productivity distribution， and examined how these factors may influence the exit behavior of firms. The findings provide empirical evidence to further refine the New Economic Geography model， especially on the parameter setting on the firms' productivity distribution. Moreover the results also suggest that when regional policies such as planning of industrial structure and R&D research subsidy are implemented，policy makers should take into account of the shape of firms' productivity distribution to ensure the effectiveness of the policy.