中小学教师薪酬满意度影响因素实证研究——基于公平理论的视角
An Empirical Study on Influence Factors of Salary Satisfaction of Public School Teachers： Based on the Equity Theory Perspective

摘要 作为一种薪酬态度，薪酬满意度反映员工对薪酬的核心感受，工资制度改革是否成功在很大程度上取决于员工的感受，因而薪酬满意度一直是薪酬研究领域的热点。本研究在绩效工资改革背景下，从公平理论的视角，以2014年北京市六区县截面数据了解中小学教师的薪酬满意度的水平和结构，对教师期望工资薪酬差距、工资薪酬比较与其薪酬满意度之间的关系进行了实证分析。研究结果显示：北京市中小学教师薪酬满意度水平整体偏低，构建包含津补贴满意度的五维度教师薪酬满意度对现实有较好的解释力。在控制工资水平等因素的情况下，与公务员比较将显著影响教师的薪酬增长、津补贴和薪酬结构管理满意度；而与同学历的其他人比较则显著影响薪酬水平和福利待遇满意度。此外，教龄和职称是影响教师群体薪酬满意度的重要因素。研究验证了教师工资水平、比较薪酬对薪酬满意度的影响效应，同时为改进教师薪酬制度、发挥薪酬的激励作用提供参考。
Abstract：Salary satisfaction is the employee's key perception of salary， succeeding in salary system reform are highly depend on perception of employee， so the research of salary satisfaction have always been the hotspot of the salary research area. In the performance pay reform context， this article， from the equity theory perspective， using the sectional survey data of six counties in Beijing of 2014 to describe the levels and structure of salary satisfaction of public school teachers，analyzed the relations between teacher expectation salary differentials， comparison of salaries and teacher salary satisfaction. The results showed that the levels of salary satisfaction of Beijing primary and secondary school teachers were relatively low， the five dimensional teacher salary satisfaction including the subsidy satisfaction had good explanatory power of teacher salary satisfaction in Beijing. Controlling the salary level and other factors， comparing with civil servant had significant effects on the salary satisfaction of salary increasing， subsidy， salary system administration；Comparing with the people with the same academic degree had significant effects on the salary satisfaction of salary level and welfare. Besides that， the teaching experience and professional title of teachers can also be the important factors affecting teacher salary satisfaction. The salary level and salary comparison effects were proved in this research， and the policy implication was been discussed.