朱光潜文学修辞意识探微
On the Consciousness of Zhu Guangqian’s Literary Rhetoric

摘要 朱光潜美学思想特别是前期的美学思想深受克罗齐的影响，但是在“艺术传达”的理解上与克罗齐存在着分歧。朱光潜非常重视艺术传达和读者经验，因此强烈关注文学修辞问题。他对“修辞”的理解贯穿着一个中心，那就是“修辞立其诚”，即思想与语言的同一、人格与风格的同一，“修辞”不仅是语言形式技巧的体现，而且要表达人的情感思想。朱光潜对“修辞”的重视反映了他对文学本性的认识，即文学从本质上说是一种如何说话、将话说得好的艺术，也就是一种如何运用语言影响人们思想情感的艺术。诗歌修辞是朱光潜文学修辞关注的一个重点，它包含对诗的音律性重视、强调诗的音义合一、读者对诗的修辞技巧接受等方面的内容。朱光潜文学修辞意识，还体现在他重视在作者与读者之间建立积极交流的关系，并对读者如何通过修辞性阅读提升精神境界和鉴赏水平，提出了一些有价值的原则与方法。
Abstract：Zhu Guangqian attached great importance to artistic conveyance and readers’ experience， so he paid close attention to literary rhetoric. His understanding of “rhetoric” ran through a center named “sincerity due to rhetoric”， which meant the integration of thought and language， personality and style. “Rhetoric” was not only the embodiment of language skills， but also the expression of human emotion and thought. Zhu Guangqian’s attention to “rhetoric” reflected his understanding of the nature of literature that was the art of speaking well and using language to influence human emotion and thought. Poetry rhetoric was the focus of Zhu Guangqian’s literary rhetoric， which included the attention to the rhythm of poetry， the syncretism of the sound and the meaning of poetry and the reader’s acceptance of the rhetorical skills of poetry.