中国式财政分权、支出偏向与财政支出效率——基于省际面板数据的Tobit模型分析
Chinese Decentralization、 Expenditure Bias and Fiscal Expenditure Efficiency——Analysis of Tobit Model Based on Provincial Panel Data

摘要 本文基于2000－2015年省级面板数据在DEA－Tobit两阶段分析框架下，对中国财政支出效率进行了实证研究。DEA测算结果表明，中国财政支出效率整体水平较低，且存在显著的地区差异：东部地区综合技术效率最高，中部次之，西部最低。规模效率值较低，规模报酬递减是东部地区财政支出效率值较低的主要原因，而中、西部地区则主要是因为规模投入不足。实证结果表明，在支出偏向的作用下，全国层面的财政分权与财政支出效率之间存在显著的“倒U型关系”。分地区实证结果表明：财政分权与支出效率的“倒U型关系”依然成立，但东、中、西部地区拐点各不相同；财政分权对支出效率的作用也存在地区差异，东部地区的分权程度已超过其拐点，表现为抑制效应，而对中、西部地区仍有显著促进作用。本文还据此提出了深化分权体制改革、优化地方政府支出结构、完善支出效率考评与监督机制等政策建议。
Abstract：Based on the provincial panel data of 2000－2015， this paper makes an empirical study on the efficiency of fiscal expenditure in China under the framework of DEA-Tobit. DEA results show that the overall level of China's fiscal expenditure efficiency is low， and there are obvious regional differences： comprehensive technical efficiency in eastern region is the highest， followed by the central and western regions is the lowest. The main reason for the low efficiency of financial expenditure in the eastern region is that the scale efficiency is lower and the return to scale is decreasing， while in the central and western regions the veason is mainly due to the lack of scale investment. The empirical results show that， under the influence of expenditure bias， there is a “inverted U” relationship between fiscal decentralization and the efficiency of local government fiscal expenditure. Regional empirical results show that： “inverted U” relationship between fiscal decentralization and expenditure efficiency is established in the three regions， but the inflection points are different. The role of fiscal decentralization in the three regions also has significant differences. Decentralization in the eastern region has already exceeded its inflection point， and has a significant hindering effect， but still plays a significant role in promoting the central and western Regions. This paper also puts forward the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions.