中国金融包容指数的测度及其与贫困减缓的关系——基于省级数据的分析
The Measurement of China's Index of Financial Inclusion and Its Relationship with Poverty Aueviation： Analysis Based on Provincial Data

摘要 本文以金融体系中的金融包容概念为立脚点，使用组合赋权法构建了中国省级金融包容指数，综合测度中国省级金融包容水平。测算结果表明：中国大部分省份的金融包容水平处于25%－35%的范围内，并呈现从西到东逐渐升高的基本态势。在测算省级金融包容水平的基础上，运用省级面板数据和系统广义矩估计方法对金融包容与贫困减缓之间是否存在积极的社会效应进行实证分析。实证结果表明，金融包容通过经济增长作用于贫困减缓，金融包容与贫困减缓之间呈现稳定的正向关系，金融包容水平的提高有利于贫困的减缓与消除。据此提出如下政策建议：加强金融基础设施建设，保障中国普惠金融体系发展的地域均衡化；发挥金融包容对贫困减缓的正向影响，让低收入群体能受惠于金融服务；努力提升小微企业融资服务水平等。
Abstract：Based on the concept of financial inclusion in the financial system， this paper constructs China’s provincial index of financial inclusion so that the financial inclusive development level can be estimated comprehensively. The measuement results show that most of financial inclusive levels in China are in the range of 25% to 35% and an increasing trend from west to east is expressed. Based on the measurement of the provincial financial inclusion level， the paper uses provincial panel data and systematic generalized moment estimation method to analyze the existence of positive social effect between financial inclusion and poverty alleviation. The empirical results show that financial inclusion plays a role in poverty alleviation through economic growth； there is a stable positive relationship between financial inclusion and poverty alleviation； and the improvement of financial inclusion level is conducive to the alleviation and elimination of poverty. The policy implication of this paper is that we should strengthen the construction of financial infrastructure and ensure the regional balance of the development of China’s inclusive finance system while regulating the standard of inclusive finance industry； financial inclusion should play a positive impact on the poverty alleviation and the low-income groups should be ensured to benefit from financial services； and we should strive to enhance the financial services level of small and medium-sized enterprises.