农村留守家庭离散的生成逻辑与治理研究
The Generative Logic and Governance Study on Rural Left-behind Families’ Separation

摘要 以家庭离散作为研究留守问题的切入点，以“赋能”作为解决农村留守问题的路径是一条新的思路。本文创新运用阿玛蒂亚·森的自由发展观思想，从两个层面构建留守家庭离散问题的分析框架，以此探讨家庭离散的生成逻辑与治理路径。在自由的建构性层面，长期以来国家实行的城乡发展政策突出功利主义导向，农村家庭作为一个经济发展的单元得到伸展，作为一个安居乐业、情感陪伴、家庭教育的载体，则受到排斥甚至伤害；在自由的工具性层面，农村离散家庭面临政治自由、经济条件、社会机会、透明性保证和防护性保障五个方面的可行能力贫乏，农民举家进城及留村安居的自由选择能力不足。治理留守家庭离散问题应该从可行能力建设的角度来考虑扶助政策。
Abstract：At the constructive level of freedom， the state-wide urban and rural development policy highlights utilitarianism for a long time. The rural family has been extended as an economic unit， but it is excluded and even hurt as a functional carrier of peace， love and family education. At the instrumental level of freedom， the rural discrete families face five aspects of capability shortage——political freedom， economic conditions， social opportunities， transparency and social security. The capability is not enough to choose to live in the city or in rural area with the whole family. Governing the left-behind families’ separation should consider the policy of assistance from the perspective of capability building.