赋权与赋能：乡村振兴背景下农村小规模学校教师队伍建设之路——基于中西部6省12县《乡村教师支持计划》实施情况的调查
Empowering: Building a Needoriented Teacher Team Construction Road for Small Rural Schools——Based on the Survey of the Implementation of The Supporting Project of Rural Teachers in 6 Provinces

摘要 教师素质是农村小规模学校教育质量的决定性因素。2015年6月国务院颁布并实施的《乡村教师支持计划（2015-2020年）》为农村小规模学校教师队伍整体水平的提高提供了政策支持。基于对中西部6省12县农村小规模学校实施《乡村教师支持计划（2015-2020年）》情况的实地调查发现，《乡村教师支持计划（2015-2020年）》的实施为农村小规模学校教师队伍建设带来了积极作用，但与农村非小规模学校相比，农村小规模学校教师队伍整体水平依然偏低，制约了农村小规模学校的发展。促进农村小规模学校教师队伍建设，必须改变依附型发展、城市化、标准化发展的思路和做法，以赋权和赋能的理念转变为突破口，实施一系列符合农村小规模学校实际的、围绕农村小规模学校及其教师发展需求的制度变革，建立以需求为导向的农村小规模学校教师队伍建设之路，让农村小规模学校教师队伍成为一支扎根农村、胜任农村小规模学校教育教学、引领并推动农村义务教育内涵式发展的高素质能力的专业化队伍。
Abstract：The quality of teachers is the decisive factor for education quality of small rural schools. Based on the survey of the implementation of The Supporting Project of Rural Teachers(2015-2020) issued by the state in 2015 in small rural schools in 6 provinces, this paper finds that, the policy has brought positive results to the teacher team construction. But compared to the nonsmall schools in rural areas, the overall level of teachers in small schools is still lower than that of nonsmall schools, which restricts the development of small rural schools. It then puts forwards that, to promote the construction of teacher team of small rural schools, it is necessary to take empowering as a new development theory instead of the theory of attached development, urbanized and standardized development, and it is necessary to implement a series of institutional changes focusing the special existing situation and development demands of small rural schools and their teachers so as to build a needoriented teacher team construction road for small rural schools.