从冷眼旁观到夤夜奔走：汪荣宝参与清季国会请愿运动的历程
From Cold Treatment to Active Participation： Wang Rongbao’s Political Activities in the Petition Campaign for the Opening of the Qing Parliament

摘要 清季，外患日迫，革命风潮迭起。在“非速开国会不足以挽回危局”的认知下，国会请愿运动的浪潮一次高过一次。受此影响，原本即主张实行宪政改革的一批中层京官，逐渐从缓进走向急进。汪荣宝是这批京官中有代表性的一员。对于清季国会请愿运动，汪荣宝经历了从冷眼旁观到夤夜奔走，最后又转为消极的过程。汪荣宝的态度与行为变化，实际反映着清政府内部一批中层官员的转变。另外，汪荣宝的活动还体现了清季地方士绅与中层京官的政治互动以及清政府内部中层改革派官员的离心倾向。
Abstract：In the late Qing dynasty， foreign aggressions occurred on the day and revolutionary turmoil arose. Under the recognition that “there is no quick opening of the Congress that could not save China from the dangerous situation”， the wave of parliamentary petition movements was rising constantly to its peak. Affected by this， a group of middle-level Beijing officials， who originally advocated the implementation of constitutional reforms， gradually moved from moderate to radical. Wang Rongbao was a representative figure of the Beijing officials. For the parliamentary petition campaign in the late Qing dynasty， Wang Rongbao’s attitude went from indifferent to active， and finally to passive. The changes in Wang Rongbao’s stance and behavior actually reflected the transformation of that of the middle-level officials within the Qing government. In addition， Wang Rongbao’s activities also reflected the political interaction between local gentry and the officials in the Qing dynasty， as well as the centrifugal tendencies of the middle-level reformist officials within the government.