作为治理工具的生态环境考评——基于水环境考评制度而展开
Evaluation of Ecological Environment as a Tool for Governance——Based on the Water Environment Evaluation System

摘要 “明确的目标”、“规训的逻辑”、“计算的理性”、“连带的激励”和“信息的指引”等复合要素大体上勾勒了生态环境考评制度的法律定位和主要功能。在党政(行政)主导考评基础上，积极探索第三方评估和谨慎推进公众参与，可有效增进考评制度的正当性和实施效果。生态环境考评制度中的“党政同责、一岗双责”机制具有责任主体同构、责任原因同一、责任承担分离和责任后果比例等特征。一些地方在探索中混淆了党纪责任和行政责任，且存在责任承担不均衡情形，需要不断改进。“结果基准为主导、行为基准为补充”的考评基准虽增加了制度制定和实施的复杂性，但具有较高的激励相容度，颇有借鉴之处。考评结果运用虽然强调工具理性为主，但应保留价值理性必要的存在空间。
Abstract：The complex elements such as “clear goals”， “logic of discipline”， “rational calculation”， “joint incentive(constraints)” and “guidance of information” generally outline the legal orientation and basic functions of the ecological environmental evaluation system. On the basis of the Party and Government (administrative) leading evaluation， actively exploring third-party evaluation and cautiously promoting public participation can effectively improve the legitimacy and implementation effect of the evaluation system. The mechanism of “Party and Government share same responsibility and double duty” has the characteristics of the isomorphism of the main body of responsibility， the same cause of responsibility， the separation of responsibility and the proportion of the consequences of responsibility. Some regulations confuse the Party discipline and the administrative responsibility. Although the benchmarks which are based on the results and supplemented by behavioral benchmarks increase the complexity of the formulation and implementation of the system， they have higher incentive compatibility. Although the application of the evaluation results put emphasis on instrumental rationality， we should retain necessary space for value rationality.