农村基层治理单元的历史变迁及当代选择
Historical Change and Contemporary Choice of Rural Grassroots Governance Unit

摘要 治理单元是人类社会最基本活动和组织载体。在不同时期，它具有不同的外在形式。农村基层治理单元，本质上是区域范围内人的集合体，其核心是人。从历史上来看，农村基层治理单元经历了一个历史变迁过程，治理单元的设立受到多种因素影响。在现代国家治理的新阶段，基层治理单元承担着便捷管理、有效公共服务、促进人的发展、维持政局稳定、强化政权建设等多方面任务。各种任务性质不一，运行机理不同，单元载体也呈现出差异性，一个治理单元很难承载所有治理事务。基层治理单元的设置，必须考虑赋予该单元需要承载的功能及单元的自身性质，以及社会发展阶段及社会基质的差异性等复杂因素。人是治理单元的核心，治理单元是人的集合体的区域化、分割化与功能化。治理单元设立的目的是服务人，促进人的解放与发展。人是社会实践性动物，作为承载人的活动的治理单元必然不是单一的，一成不变的，它具有多样性、差异性、灵活性，治理单元的这些特征本质上是人所具有的社会属性的外在展现。
Abstract：The governance unit is the carrier of the most basic human social activity and organization with different external forms in different periods.The rural grassroots governance unit is essentially an aggregate of regional people and its core is people.Historically， the rural grassroots governance unit has experienced a historical vicissitude process， the establishment of which is affected by many factors.In the new stage of modern state governance， the grassroots governance unit undertakes the tasks of convenient management， effective public service， promoting the development of people， maintaining political stability， strengthening the regime construction and etc. Different tasks have different properties， operation mechanism，while one governance unit has difficulty in implementing all the management issues. The setting up of the grassroots governance unit must take the unit's function，nature， the social development stage and other factors into consideration.The purpose of the establishment of the grassroots governance unit is to promote the liberation and development of people.Human being is a creature of social practice， so the grassroots governance unit must be diversification， differentiation， flexibility. The characteristics of the governance unit is essentially the outward expression of the social attribute of human being.