水资源跨域治理中的多元主体关系研究——基于微山湖水域划分和山西通利渠水权之争的案例分析
The Study on the Relations of Pluralistic Subjects in the Cross-Boundary Governance of Water Resources：The Analysis of Weishan Lake and Tongli Canal Cases

摘要 作为传统的国家治理方式，疏放式治理在中国的历史长河中被保存并“遗传”了下来，这使得中央、地方政府和基层社会之间保持了一种既松散又关联的关系。本文基于地方水资源跨域治理的视角，从中央与地方关系和国家(政府)与社会(民众)关系两条国家治理线索出发，通过对近现代微山湖地区水域划分和山西通利渠水权之争两个水资源治理案例的考察，探讨了中国国家治理结构“自上而下”和“自下而上”的多元主体双向多重构建过程。论文认为，在国家水资源跨域治理过程中，既有从中央到基层的疏放式管理(包括中央对地方调解式的向下分权与回应式的不告不理，以及利用乡绅、胥吏、民众等进行非正式管理)，也有从基层到中央的顺势利用；既有从中央到地方政府最终决定权的保留和中央权威对基层社会的渗透，也有地方政府与基层社会对中央权威的亦步亦趋和调整适应。这一水资源治理的双向多重构建过程体现了中国政治制度发展的历史连续性，也对未来中国国家治理的创新性发展提供了有益的启示。
Abstract：As a typical approach of public management， the substantial governance is preserved and inherited. The substantial governance is rendered as the characteristics of slack management on one hand， and on the other hand， it makes the local level society keep stable social order. This article examines the central-local government relations and state(government)-society (the public) relations based on the two cases of Weishan Lake and Tongli Canal in the process of cross-boundary governance of water resources. This article finds the twofold configurations including the top-down approach in the slack management between the central and local governments and the subtle influence from central government to the local and the bottom-up approach in taking advantage of opportunities for local governments and following the rules of the central government step by step. This twofold and multi-level process reflects the historical continuity of Chinese political system and provides implications for future development of state governance.