新出简牍与江汉聚落景观体系的重建
New Bamboo Slips and the Reconstruction of the Settlement Landscape System of Jianghan Plain

摘要 江汉平原地区是战国秦汉简牍出土的核心地和简牍内容上的记录中心，相关地名展示了江汉聚落丰富多元的景观体系。外围的丘陵岗地范定了江汉的区域范围；长江、汉水塑造了云梦及其内部平原、湖沼相间分布的基本地理面貌；水陆各级道路建构起密集的交通网络；大小城邑、集散聚落广泛分布其间，并形成三大聚落群和一条核心聚落带。除此之外，江汉地区的聚落和景观由内至外、由高及低依次是平原高台(台)—临水高地(就、澨)—临水低地(蒲)—堤防、堰坝(堤、漰)等水利工程—水中州渚聚落(州、渚)，呈现出明显的地域性、阶梯性和层次感。邮驿津渡、亭城鄣塞等交通及治安军事类据点进一步丰富了景观的多元性。江汉聚落景观体系的重建，能为出土简牍提供一个重要的“历史现场”，为相关研究提供基础的地理平台。
Abstract：Jianghan Plain is the crucial district where unearths the bamboo slips of the Warring States， and the Qin and Han dynasties， as well as the crucial center recorded in the content of the bamboo slips. The relevant toponymy exhibits the affluent and divers landscape system of the Jianghan Plain. The area of Jianghan Plain is formed by the peripheral of the hills and lowlands. The basic geographical features of the geographical alternative distribution of the Cloud and its plain and lakes are shaped by the Yangtze River and Han water， which also form the intensive transportation network by the water roads and land roads. Cities and scattered settlements are widely distributed， forming three large settlement groups and a core landscape band. Thus it can be seen that the settlements and landscapes of the Jianghan area are the plain and highlands(Tai)， the highlands closing to the river(Jiu， Shi )， the lowlands closing to the river(Pu)， and some dams(Di，Peng)， including some settlements in the water(zhou，zhu)， which present obvious regionalism， terraces and layers. Some traffic sites， such as the post and ferry， and some military posts， taking the castle and pass as an example， diversify the sceneries. Reestablishing the Jianghan program could benefit the reference of the study of the “history at site on the earth environment” as well as of other related researches.