非正交轴系激光全站仪坐标测量技术
Coordinate Measurement Technology of Laser Total Station with Non-Orthogonal Shafting

针对大尺寸空间坐标测量应用, 提出了一种基于非正交轴系架构的新型坐标测量系统解决方案．该测量系统由两个一维旋转台和一个激光测距仪组成, 功能上与传统全站仪相同, 但结构上却无传统三轴系的正交要求．相对传统全站仪而言, 新的非正交轴系激光全站仪明显降低了在仪器设计、材料选择、制造加工以及装配维护等方面的要求．进一步, 研究了非正交轴系全站仪架构组成, 推导了其数学模型, 并进行了误差分析．最后, 基于卓立汉光RAK100型转台和Leica DISTO D110激光测距模块构建了非正交轴系激光全站仪, 并与激光跟踪仪进行了对比测量实验验证．实验结果表明, 在12 m测量距离内, 该新型测量系统可以实现毫米级的测量精度, 满足了诸如桥梁、隧道、建筑等大尺寸空间、对象的测量应用需求．
For the coordinate measurement of large-scale space，a new coordinate measurement system based on non-orthogonal shafting structure is proposed. The measurement system consists of two dimensional rotating tables and a laser rangefinder，which is the same as the traditional total station in function but different in structure. Compared with traditional total station，non-orthogonal shafting laser total station reduces the choice of materials and instrument design，manufacturing，processing and assembly requirements. Furthermore，the architecture and mathematical model of non-orthogonal shafting total station are studied. Error analysis of the measurement system is given. Finally，the non-orthogonal shafting laser total station based on rotary tables(Zhuoli Hanguang RAK100)and laser range finder(Leica DISTO D110)is constructed. The comparison experiment with laser tracker is conducted. Experimental results show that the new measuring system can achieve the measurement accuracy on the millimeter scale within the 12 m measurement space. This can meet the measurement requirements of large-scale space，such as bridges，tunnels，buildings and so on